VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. G7 
nished for the development of the tusks, seems to be diverted 
from its usual function, and to be used for the support of other 
bony parts of the skull, for this class of male has a more mas¬ 
sive skull, and is apparently larger in bulk than others. I may 
also here state that the Mukhna is invariably more vicious than 
the Tusker. 
• Musthee. —The male is furnished with a small aperture, situated 
in the centre of the temple, about an eighth of an inch long, similar 
to a wound made by a penknife. This is the must-hole or ched. 
Prom it, at certain seasons of the year, there exudes a transpa¬ 
rent gelatinous fluid, not very dissimilar in appearance to the 
synovia of joints. 
I am not acquainted with the precise location of the gland 
wdiich secretes the fluid, but its activity in producing it is, in my 
opinion, directly or indirectly connected with the generative 
system of organs. I associate the secretion with the generative 
system because at the period of the appearance of the musthee the 
male is ready for the cow, and becomes violent and unmanageable. 
There are many diverse opinions about the must, its uses, causes, 
&c., but I am afraid time will not admit of my enlarging on 
this most interesting part of my subject. 
Sometimes the male elephant, when the secretion is active, be¬ 
comes almost mad. The brain seems to be affected, for he does 
not recognise his keeper or attendants, is very violent, off his feed 
—in fact, scarcely eats anything—drinks very little, is continu¬ 
ously moving from side to side, seldom lies down, and will pass 
several days and nights without sleep. In short, he evidences all 
the symptoms of severe cerebral disturbance, with eyes protruded 
and bloodshot. 
The duration of these symptoms will vary greatly: they may 
pass off in a fortnight or be prolonged for six months, and during 
the w r hole period of their existence the animal cannot be worked, 
and consequently he becomes an expensive incumbrance. 
Tor the first few days the discharge is slight, and the animal 
is off his feed and fractious, which is sufficient warning of what 
is coming on. He ought consequently to be at once extra and 
securely hobbled, and other necessary precautions taken to prevent 
his doing injury. 
I had better introduce here the treatment I recommend in this 
particular state of morbid excitation. I w r ould proceed, first of all, 
to bleed freely. Take away, say, about four or five quarts of blood, 
either from the forehead or back of the ear, and administer a good 
strong purgative of castor oil, mixed with powdered cardamoms 
and other spices. This would lower his system and reduce the 
plethoric state of his body. 
It is simple treatment, and not liable to lead to any serious 
