268 
THE INFLUENZA IN HORSES. 
plying an excessive and usually fatal impurity of that liquid 
rather than any characteristic of the specific disease. 
Forms of the Disease .—The common or catarrhal type is 
manifested by general fever, with great prostration and 
weakness, sneezing, cough, and discharge from the nose. 
There is a pulmonary form, in which the lungs or heart is 
involved, and characterised by the same fever and debility, 
with marked difficulty in breathing. In another, or abdo¬ 
minal form, there is, superadded to the fever, debility and 
respiratory disorder, inflammation of the mucous membrane 
of the stomach and bowels, colicy pains, and the passage of 
stools coated with mucus. In still another form—the rheu¬ 
matic—there supervene, on the febrile and catarrhal symp¬ 
toms, pains, swelling, and stiffness of the jaws, neck, back, 
limbs, or joints, which may prove long continued and ob¬ 
stinate. 
Under one or other of these forms all cases may be 
included. It will be observed that in all alike there is the 
febrile reaction, the marked debility, and the inflammation of 
the respiratory mucous membrane. The simple catarrhal 
form is thus seen to exist in all the varied types of the disease, 
and as it is the most prominent feature in the great majority 
of cases, it affords the readiest means of recognising the 
malady. If the symptoms given below as characterising the 
catarrhal form are met with during the prevalence of in¬ 
fluenza in a country, there need be no doubt as to the nature 
of the case. 
Symptoms of the Catarrhal Form .—In the prevailing epi¬ 
zootic, sneezing or a dry hacking cough has been almost 
invariably the first observed sign of illness. Careful ob¬ 
servation detected at the same time a dry, staring coat, a 
tendency to coldness of the nose, ears, and limbs, in excep¬ 
tional cases shivering, redness and dryness of the membrane 
lining the nose, an elevation of the body temperature to 102° 
Fahrenheit, and an unwonted sluggishness and dulness. 
These symptoms became more and more marked for two 
days, at the end of which time the cough was deep, painful, 
occurring in paroxysms of four or five in rapid succession, 
and convulsing the entire body with the effort; the heat of 
the surface of the body and limbs was variable, but with a 
tendency to chill; the internal heat 105° Fahrenheit; the 
mouth w T as hot and clammy; thirst was intense ; the mem¬ 
branes of nose and eyes of a deep red, usually with a tinge 
of brown or yellow; a watery discharge ran from the nose; a 
discharge from the eyes occurred exceptionally; the eyelids 
were partially closed; the eyes deficient in lustre and in- 
