THE INFLUENZA IN HORSES. 
269 
telligence ; the head was often pendent; the loins insensible 
to pinching; the beats of the heart, felt by applying the 
hand on the chest just behind the left elbow, violent and 
forcible; the pulse weak, easily compressed so as to become 
imperceptible, and numbering from forty-eight to sixty per 
minute; there were increased languor, stiffness, and indis¬ 
position to move, with, in some cases, an unsteady swaying 
from side to side when compelled to do so; the dung had 
become harder, firmer, and less abundant, and the urine 
scanty and of a deep yellowish-brown colour, or quite opaque 
from deposited lime salts ; there was more or less sore throat, 
with some tendency to protrude the nose, and a fit of 
coughing was easily induced by handling the throat; the ear 
applied over the windpipe, or on the middle of the chest 
just behind the shoulder, detected an unusually loud and 
harsh blowing sound. 
In from three to five days more the nose begins to dis¬ 
charge an opaque greenish-yellow liquid, and in favorable 
cases the cough became looser and less frequent, the heat of 
the body declined, the pulse became slower and firmer, the 
impulse of the heart against the left side steadily decreased 
in force, thirst diminished, the brightness of the eyes and the 
general vivacity returned, the appetite improved, and the dis¬ 
charge ceased, and health appeared restored about the tenth 
or fifteenth day. 
In many cases, however, a favorable termination was 
retarded by some complication. 
Symptoms of the Thoracic or Pulmonary Form .—At an early 
stage of the disease the heaving of the flanks, dilatation of 
the nostrils, and the pinched, anxious expression of the face 
bespoke implication of the lungs. In some there was only 
the loud, harsh noise over the lower end of the windpipe, 
resulting from simple bronchitis; in others there was that 
general wheezing heard over the entire chest, difficult 
breathing, extreme lifting of the flanks, wide distension of 
the nostrils, and dark purple or leaden hue of the membranes 
of the eye and nose, which betrayed inflammation of the 
smallest bronchial tubes; in others, with a similarly dis¬ 
tressed breathing, there was crepitation heard on applying 
the ear over particular parts of the chest, and a dull sound, 
like that emitted on striking a solid body, when such regions 
were struck, indicating inflammation of the lungs. Pleurisy 
often supervenes, but in the writer’s experience of this epi¬ 
zootic it has been conspicuous by its absence. These are 
among the most redoubtable forms of the disease, and 
frequently terminated fatally by reason of the deterioration 
