analysis of continental journals. 285 
and to recognise and watch convalescence, &C. 5 * The author, 
however, does not reject the other means of investigation, 
such as the stethoscope, pleximeter, microscope, &c., each of 
which has its diagnostic value. 
In fever the temperature of the body is raised above the 
physiological maximum; indeed fever might be defined as an 
abnormal and durable elevation of the temperature. This 
symptom deserves to be placed, by reason of its constancy, 
before the frequency of the pulse. 
Hippocrates had already remarked the increased heat of 
the body in fever. Towards 1600, Sanctorius resorted to the 
thermometer to measure this elevation, as the hand gave a 
very inexact appreciation of this condition. At a later 
period, De Haen, a disciple of Boerhaave, confirmed the 
defective relation between the acceleration of the pulse and 
the augmentation of temperature, and he was the first to 
believe that in the cold stage of fever the internal temperature 
had already increased. Senac had noted that, in the cold 
period, the thermometer introduced into the mouth did not 
show a diminution of heat. James Currie in 1797, and Brodie 
in 1811, again called attention to clinical thermometry; 
but it was not until 1850 that this, thanks to Wunderlich, 
Barensprung, and Traube, had made great progress. Zim¬ 
merman, in 1846, had studied the relations between the febrile 
temperature and the secretions, and more especially its re¬ 
lation with the composition of the urine. In veterinary 
medicine, thermometry has only been applied since the 
labours of Wunderlich were published, by Zangger, Schmidt, 
Schmelz, Adam, Gerlach, Gamgee, Sanderson, Pflug, Zundel, 
Brusasco, &c. 
The physiological temperature, with very slight variations, 
is always about the same; the pathological state, on the 
contrary, is marked by an increase or diminution, or an un¬ 
equal distribution, of heat. In febrile affections, it oscillates 
between limits which it cannot exceed without death taking 
place. 
In health the variations depend upon the age, state of 
gestation, alimentation, and the surrounding temperature. 
The temperature of the body also submits to daily fluctua¬ 
tions, and is influenced by rest, exercise, &c. 
Signor Brusasco examines each of these points, makes 
known what different writers have stated on the subject, 
and gives the results of his investigations on animals. 
With regard to the quotidian fluctuations, he has observed 
that they are greater and more varied with animals than 
mankind. In solipeds and the ox, the physiological tempe- 
