NORTH OF ENGLAND VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 485 
excising about three inches and a half, two and a half of 
which were already in a state of gangrene. 
A strong purgative, combined with sedatives, was adminis¬ 
tered, the whole course of the spine blistered, a fluid nutritious 
diet allowed, and the body plentifully clothed with warm 
woollen rugs. The treatment was continued a little more than 
a fortnight; at the expiration of three weeks he was much 
better, and in a month perfectly recovered. 
2nd. Was one of an idiopathic nature . It occurred in a 
powerful brown cart-mare, nine years of age; apparently it 
was a hopeless case, so much so that an aged practitioner 
pronounced her to be in a dying state, and considered she 
would not live fifteen minutes. 
Symptoms—violent spasms, rapid and loud breathing, pro¬ 
fuse perspiration, the head protruded, tail erect and quivering, 
legs wide apart, straddling, and fixed, jaws almost closed, 
muscles rigid and hard, and intensely pained. 
In this instance the patient was bled to the amount of 
eight quarts. I gave strong doses of purgative and sedative 
mixtures, with diffusible stimulants, and blistered over the jaws, 
the nape of the neck, and on each side of the cervical vertebrse, 
and course of the spine to the tail. Fresh sheep-skins were 
applied to the back; afterwards warm clothing; a liberal and 
nutritious fluid dietary, in the form of drinks and injections. 
After three weeks of this treatment, a visible change for the 
better was manifest, and a gradual recovery took place up to 
the eighth w r eek, when the animal was put to work, and 
continued strong and healthy for several years. 
3rd. A very severe case of traumatic tetanus , in a strong 
and valuable cart-mare, five years old, belonging to a farmer 
in the neighbourhood of Sunderland, arising from a puncture 
in the off hind foot, caused by a nail picked up on the 
road. The lameness w T as at first slight, and the mare was 
kept at work for near three weeks , which is too often done in 
similar cases. Although the owner noticed some peculiarity 
in the movements of his animal, he attributed it to be 
u grease flying about her.” At length, being sent for, I 
found I had a bad case of locked-jaw to contend with; the poor 
creature was suffering dreadfully, and completely fixed to 
the place where she stood. Having ascertained the cause, 
which should never be overlooked by the “ veterinarian” at 
any time } the farrier was at once sent for, the shoe re¬ 
moved, and foot well pared, which was done with extreme diffi¬ 
culty, as the suffering animal threatened every minute to fall on 
the operator. The foot was then enveloped in a large poultice, 
and blood freely extracted from the jugular; strong cathartics, 
with opiates, were administered, and repeated at regular in- 
