526 
FACTS AND OBSERVATIONS. 
would be the proper English word for horse-meat? Accord¬ 
ing to the rule enunciated by the famous Saxon etymologist, 
Wamba, it should be cheval , or some word derived from it. 
However, joking apart, I can personally testify that young 
horse is quite as succulent as young bull, and that old horse 
is infinitely more palatable and tender than old cow. 
Preventive Measures adopted by the French 
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. 
—The same writer observes that the French Society for the 
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Societe Protection des 
Animaux) goes further than the English institution, by not 
only endeavouring to prevent its proteges from being cruelly 
treated, but by rewarding inventions tending to increase their 
comfort and well-being. At the last meeting of the Paris 
society medals were given for a new form of horseshoe for 
use in slippery weather, a saddle which is stated to be more 
comfortable than the ordinary form, a horse-collar having 
similar merits, a sieve for cleaning grain from dust and grit, 
trusses for the cure of hernia in young horses, and an 
apparatus for the more effectual aeration of the water in fish 
tanks during transport. 
The society, taking into consideration the cruelty to which 
horses are exposed when drawing heavy loads of clay from 
ground excavated for building in various quarters of Paris, 
have offered a premium of £o00 to the inventor of a machine, 
to be set in motion by steam or any other motive power, of 
which the application shall have been successfully made in 
any of the building yards of Paris. 
Practical Application of Dialysis. —A patent has 
been recently taken out by Mr. Whitelaw, of Glasgow, for 
utilising the brine of salted meat. It consists in the em¬ 
ploying of large dialysers made of various materials and 
shape, such as ox bladders, bags made of gutta percha, or 
skins of animals either open or closed, and fitted with stop¬ 
cocks. “ Such an apparatus as the following would be found 
to answ r er the purpose:—A square vat made of a framework 
of iron filled up with sheets of skin or parchment or paper in 
such a way as to be water tight, and strengthened, if neces¬ 
sary, by stays or straps of metal. The sides, ends, and 
bottom, being composed of this soft dialysing material, 
expose a great surface to the action of the water, contained 
in an outer vat, in which the dialyser is placed.** The 
bladder arrangement Mr. Whitelaw considers the best, 
cheapest, and most easily managed. Brine, filtered to free it 
