IDENTITY OF PLEURO-PNEUMONIA AND RUBEOLA. 643 
tion to the number affected as is very generally believed ; and 
must also add that neither is rubeola in the human subject 
the harmless, mild, safe malady it is often supposed, fit only 
to be treated by mothers and nurses. In England 7000 
people die on an average every year from it; and in Victoria 
250 died in 1861, and in I860 as many as 250 died from it 
in Melbourne alone. What ratio these numbers bear to the 
numbers who suffered from the disease it is quite impossible 
even to guess at; but it proves a closer resemblance between 
the severity of rubeola in the human subject and the severity 
of the so-called pleuro-pneumonia in cattle than many might 
at first suspect. Thus far then for a hasty comparison of the 
two affections in the earlier stages, and the next thing to note 
is whether the parallel holds equally in the later. Whatever 
may be thought as to the asserted correspondence of symp¬ 
toms of the earlier period, those of the second are even more 
definite. The catarrhal affection is the most important, and 
always determines the prognosis. The most common cause 
of death in both is inflammation of some one or more of the 
pulmonary textures; and when not fatal, both diseases leave 
chronic pulmonary mischief behind. In both, treatment is 
determined almost solely by the condition of the lungs, 
which, it is needless to repeat, is in both at first bronchitis, 
merging into vesicular and lobular pneumonia, and eventually 
pleuritis, with hydrothorax, and the usual exudations and re¬ 
sults. The inflammation is apt to spread insidiously from the 
mucous surfaces of the air passages to subjacent tissues, and 
after death from rubeola, as from pleuro-pneumonia, portions of 
the lungs are hepatized in larger or smaller pieces. Although 
the pulmonary affection is that proper to both, yet the mu¬ 
cous surface of the bowels is apt to be also affected, and there 
is then a peculiarly fetid diarrhoea in either case in the 
later stages. The expectoration in both passes through 
similar changes during the progress of the disease, from thin 
whitish fluid to tenacious, viscid, muco-purulent matter. In 
comparing the post-mortem appearances there is one remark¬ 
able point of resemblance, the more so as it differs from any 
appearance of the lungs in ordinary hepatization. In 
rubeola this hepatization is usually in distinctly sepa¬ 
rate portions, sometimes even in small patches, as if the 
inflammatory or congestive action had been limited to 
isolated lobules or to clusters of lobules. At other times 
these small pieces may co-exist with the condensation of a 
large portion of one lung, or of a whole lobe. The condensed 
piece may even lie like a ball the size of the fist in the centre 
of an otherwise sound lung. In ordinary hepatization from 
