24 INFECTIVE AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 
power.) Another form of septicaemia has been observed in the 
lower animals, its lesions are especially those known as necrosis. 
In it Micrococci of another form crowd the lymphatics and 
blood vessels, and cause solution of healthy tissue. Differences 
were observed in the field mouse and the house mouse in their 
relations as bearers to these distinct forms of Bacteria. Micro¬ 
cocci have been observed in many other diseases, notably diph¬ 
theria and smallpox; but it must be remembered that there are 
many different forms of Micrococci distinct in their distribution 
and in their grouping. In the diphtheria cases, however, it 
must be remembered that these are generally endocarditic 
growths, which tend to undergo softening like the thrombi in 
pyaemia. 
Lecture III .—Anthrax is one of the diseases which can be 
most readily connected with certain vegetable organisms. Allied to 
the ordinary form, as seen in the ox, are certain diseases termed 
anthracoid, such as Loodianah Lever and Cape Horse Lever, also 
certain forms affecting the elephant and camel, as has recently 
been rather forcibly shown in India. There are certain general 
conditions under which these disorders occur; they are espe¬ 
cially prevalent in malarial districts, and from them may spread 
both sporadically or epidemically to higher altitudes. In some 
respects they are not unlike true septicaemia. Splenic Fever is 
due to Bacilli, and blood from an animal affected with this form 
of anthrax will convey the disease even to cold-blooded animals as 
frogs. By some the pigs are considered not liable to be affected 
by it, but these animals suffer from inoculation either exhibiting 
true anthrax or the disease called “ Diphtheria,” which is cha¬ 
racterised by swelling about the throat, but with no formation of 
false membranes; swelling of the lymphatic glands also occurs 
frequently resulting in suppuration. Dogs are less liable to the 
disease. Pasteur has proved that by reducing the temperature 
of fowls, they may be rendered susceptible. Beyond all ques¬ 
tion, the disease is due to Bacilli, such as were first described by 
Pollender. Artificial anthrax differs somewhat from the natural 
forms of the affection, and the former varies according as it is 
produced by intravenous and subcutaneous injection. In the 
former case the poisonous effects is proportional to the dose, 
in the latter often local swelling occurs, most frequently when 
the experiment is not likely to succeed, this is therefore in some 
measure protective. There can be no doubt that the Bacillus of 
anthrax has irritant properties, but whether these result from its 
activity or from some poison generated by it is not yet decided, 
though Pasteur has procured from it a hydrolytic ferment 
resembling diastase. Lrom the subcutaneous tissue these or- 
