26 
INFECTIVE AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 
lead to rapture and eechymosis, but some observers needlessly 
attribute the extravasations to direct irritation. In the lungs they 
may be very well seen around the alveoli; some of the capil¬ 
laries seem to be striated, they being completely filled with 
layers of Bacilli; they are seldom numerous in the pleura. The 
liver is comparatively free from them, but when present they 
occur in the intralobular venule and its adjacent capillaries, 
the kidneys contain a large number, especially in the glo¬ 
meruli near the surface of the organ and in the afferent and 
efferent small vessels (often these present the peculiar striated 
appearance). Sometimes rupture of these small vessels occurs, 
and in these may be often seen masses of spores. Bacilli may 
escape into the convoluted tubes, but Koch has never seen them 
in the straight tubes, but as blood corpuscles may escape through 
the tubules so probably may these bodies, and so probably the 
urine becomes a conveyer of contagion. This fact should lead 
to fuller sanitary precautions for Beser has conveyed anthrax by 
inoculation with the urine. Urine, too, is known to be a useful 
cultivative fluid, and in it the Bacteria can generate their spores. 
These bodies must have some mechanical effect in impeding the 
action of the heart, preventing excretion, &c. Some of the 
symptoms point to the mechanical action; thus in the brain the 
Bacilli are not frequent, which accounts for the remarkable re¬ 
tention of consciousness by the patients. After inoculation of 
Bovine animals with anthrax matter passed through rodents, in 
Dr. Sanderson and Mr. Duguid’s experiments, it was found to 
produce intense symptoms, but in no case to prove fatal. If 
anthrax resembles acute specific contagious diseases, this means 
ought to secure immunity ; to test this important point the 
lecturer repeated the experiments. He took a steer in good 
health and inoculated her with virus which had been passed 
through guinea pigs and then cultivated in aqueous hu¬ 
mour, but no appreciable results ensued. He considered that 
not enough material had been used, so after a second cultiva¬ 
tion he inoculated the animal again, also a mouse, the latter 
died. On the evening of the following day the temperature of 
the steer was 102°. Next morning 104°, and the animal was 
dull and refused its food, on the third day 106°5. On the 8th 
day, in the evening the temperature fell to 102°, and on the 9th 
day again attained the normal. These experiments need repetition. 
The lecturer then alluded to the relations of anthrax of the 
lower animals to diseases of the human subject. Where anthrax 
prevails so also does malignant pustule. Bollinger treats this 
matter fully, but probably describes several different diseases as 
anthrax, angina Ludwigii, woolsorters J disease, and other dis¬ 
eases of man, are probably of this nature; so there is much need 
