PERCHLORIC ACID AS A TEST FOR ALKALOIDS. 123 
Like several other authors, Dr. Cobbold has once or twice 
written Professor Bollinger’s name with the vowel symbol 
over the first syllable. At p. 389 and elsewhere this error 
does not occur. On the whole, it may be said that the 
printer has executed his share in the work most creditably. 
Extracts from British and Foreign Journals. 
POISONING OP SHEEP BY LUPINES. 
By H. C. E. Schulz, E. Wildt, and others ( Bied . 
Centr ., 1879, 344—350).—The disease arises from blood 
poisoning, caused by paralysis of the urinary and gall¬ 
bladder muscles, whereby the constituents of the urine 
and bile pass into the blood. Schulz has investigated the 
alkaloids of the lupine, and from experiments on three 
of them, he finds that they differ very much in their phy¬ 
siological action. No great difference can be observed in 
the ash of wholesome and injurious lupines, but in some 
cases the latter contain more alkaloid than the former. 
There is less alkaloid present in the lupines when in bloom 
than when fully ripe. 
Wildt finds two alkaloids in lupines, of which one is a 
white crystalline solid, and the other a yellow oily liquid ; 
the latter, according to Schulz, consisting of two different 
bodies. The crystallised alkaloid appeared quite harmless, 
but the other had a very poisonous action, producing trem¬ 
bling, violent cramp, diarrhoea, and finally death; but in no 
case could the same appearances be observed after death as 
in the case when it has been caused by feeding on lupines. 
Reports from various sheep farmers go to show that lupines 
act differently on different sheep, and that when injurious 
they have generally been grown on a poor damp soil, or on 
one which has been sown with lupines for several years 
previously.—J. K. C .—Journal of the Chemical Society. 
PERCHLORIC ACID AS A TEST EOR ALKALOIDS. 
By G. Fraud e(J3er. 12, 1558—1560).—Perchloric acid of 
sp. gr. T13—T14 has no action on quinine, quinidine, cin¬ 
chonine, cinchonidine, morphine, codeine, papaverine, vera- 
trine, caffeine, atropine, nicotine, nor conine. "W hen boiled 
