184 CONTAGIOUS PLEURO “PNEUMONIA IN NEW YORK. 
breweries. One day while on the road he was induced to 
draw out a dead cow from a milkman's stable; from this the 
oxen became affected and the disease gained entrance into 
Mr. Meakin’s dairy, resulting in the loss of forty head in 
three months. Here the malady prevailed for twenty years, 
or until Mr. Meakin left the business. This covers thirteen 
years of the period that the disease was known to exist in 
the Skillman stables and seven years subsequent to the visit 
of the Massachusetts Commissioners, and brings us down to 
I869. In 1868, Prof. John Gamgee investigated this disease 
in the United States, and found it to exist in various parts 
of Long Island. In the year 1870, W. D. Sanger, of Bay- 
side, L. I., by the purchase of a black cow from a dealer, had 
his herd infected with this pestilence and lost 90 animals out 
of 150 in one stable, and sixty out of 130 in another, within 
a period of twenty months. 
The continuous existence of the disease is thus shown from 
1843 to 1872, on Long Island; but it was not confined by 
any means to Long Island alone, for so long ago as 1850 Mr. 
Bathgate, of Morrisania had his Jersey herd infected, and all 
efforts to eradicate it failed until some years later, when the 
barns were burned down. And so prevalent was the disease in 
the vicinity, that for many years afterwards Mr. Bathgate was 
afraid to pasture his own lots adjoining the streets, lest his 
stock should again contract the plague from diseased cattle 
running on the commons. 
Seven years ago the trouble was brought into the herd of 
Joseph Schwab, of 149th Street and Southern Boulevard, by 
a cow bought of a dealer; here twenty-three died and only 
seven recovered (?). Within the last seven years most of the 
large dairies in the suburbs of New York City have suffered 
from invasions of this disease. As notable instances of this, 
we might mention those of Patrick Green, Frank Divine, 
Emery Hill and his brother, Horace K. Hill, Geo. McKittrick, 
Mr. Trot and many others. 
To explain the great extension of this disease within the 
last few years, it will be necessary to enter into some details 
regarding the peculiarities of the cow trade as carried on in 
this vicinity before Gen. Patrick’s appointment. 
The fresh cows arrived in New York by boats on the Hud¬ 
son River from this State and from New Jersey, and by 
railroad from northern and western New York, New Jersey 
and Pennsylvania, and were sold on the docks and at the 
railroad yards by speculators to dealers and transferred to the 
stables of the latter. The business between the dealer and 
the dairyman is almost invariably done on credit, the frequent 
