EASTERN COUNTIES VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 277 
had not been introduced, the cows remained free from it. Ilaushalter 
has noticed that when young animals are placed near diseased ones, they 
readily become infected. The infectiousness of phthisis in mankind, 
long suspected, is now asserted by high medical authorities. As to the 
inoculability of the disease, there are now hundreds of positive experi¬ 
ments to prove it. It has been shown in an undeniable manner that, 
like glanders, tuberculosis can be produced in healthy animals by 
inoculating them with tuberculous matter from man or other creatures. 
Transmission can be effected, not only by the tuberculous matter, but 
also by the bronchial secretions and the blood, the same as the most 
characteristic virulent maladies, such as glanders. The disease can be 
produced through the intact mucous membranes—as that of the digestive 
canal, and this renders this particular disease all the more formidable. 
Many experimenters (as he had showed) had produced the disease by 
feeding animals with the human or bovine tubercle, and the flesh and 
milk of tuberculous animals. The alterations produced were sometimes 
slight, in others quite startling, and rarely were they negative. Only 
the other day, he received an account of some most interesting experi¬ 
ments performed by Bollinger, of Munich, on swine, goats, monkeys, and 
guinea-pigs, with the milk from tuberculous cows. In one instance, 
three pigs six weeks old were fed with the milk of’ a cow whose lungs 
were recognised to be tuberculous, and at whose autopsy these organs 
were found to be affected with caseous pneumonia, and there was also 
tuberculosis of the pleura, and bronchial, mediastinal, and mesenteric 
glands, as well as the uterus. The pigs died early in the experiment, 
unfortunately, and only in one were the laryngeal lymphatic glands 
enlarged and softened. In another instance milk was obtained from 
a cow which, after death, showed tuberculosis of the liver, peritoneum, 
ovaries, thoracic and abdominal glands, and pleura, with cheesy de¬ 
posits in the lungs; this milk was given for about ten weeks to four 
healthy three-weeks old swine, uncooked, and from to 3 litres 
daily. During this period the throat glands were observed to enlarge ; 
when from four to five months old they were killed, and found in 
advanced tuberculosis ; more especially were the lungs, liver, and spleen 
affected, while the throat, bronchial, epigastric, and portal glands were 
extremely swollen and cheesy. In two of the swine there were small 
caseous folicular ulcers in the ileum. Controlled swine (same litter, 
but fed on other food) were healthy. A young pig, fed for fourteen days 
longer with milk from the same cow, gradually wasted and died, when 
3§ months old—three weeks after the termination of this feeding. The 
autopsy revealed more especially caseous inflammation of the large 
intestine, an exquisite miliary tuberculosis of the lungs, with great 
enlargement and caseification of the bronchial glands. In another 
instance, six pigs of the same litter, from a healthy sow, were experi¬ 
mented upon, four being fed with this cow’s milk also, two with uncooked 
milk, two with cooked, and the other two were kept as controlled 
animals. After five months the controlled animals were killed, and found 
to be healthy ; those fed with the cooked milk when also killed were 
affected with severe generalised tuberculosis ; while of those fed with 
uncooked milk, one that died showed caseous (scrofulous) enteritis, and 
the second, very unwell, was still alive. From these experiments, con¬ 
firmed by an account of accidental infection of pigs recorded in Walley’s 
work, it would appear that, in swine, scrofula is first developed by the 
milk, then tuberculosis—the one being only an advanced stage of the 
other. These startling facts of transmission account for the increasing 
increase of the disease. Young animals reared upon the milk of tuber- 
