SYNOPSIS OF CONTINENTAL VETERINARY JOURNALS. 381 
tomical difference between Trichina spiralis and that of birds, 
and Pagenstecher has recently stated that according to his ex¬ 
periments the dog cannot be attacked by true Trichina, but has 
a form special to him. M. Diesing, in his Sy sterna helminthum , 
distinguishes two species of the genus Trichina, T. spiralis 
(Owen) and T. affinis (D.), placing under the latter heading 
provisionally all the species enumerated by Herbst. The 
former had been found encysted in the peritoneum and 
pleura of Cheiroptera and the following birds :— Vespertilio 
auritus et noctula , Strix bubo , otus , et flammea, Gypselus 
apus, Lanins minor , Sylvia rubecula , Vanellus cristatus , 
Numenius arquatus, Lams fuscub, ridibundus et argentatus, 
JButeo vulgaris , Grus cinerea , and also in the dog, cat, mole, 
and wild boar. Allowing, as we must, the existence of 
T. affinis of Diesing, it remains to be decided whether 
Trichina spiralis , the <f true Trichina,” as we may call it, can 
he transmitted to fowls, and from them pass to men. Dr. 
Bakodes, of Pesth, has found it in the walls of the ven- 
triculus succenturiatus and of the intestines of two fowls, 
without having met with it in the muscles. M. Demarchi, 
in 1865, announced that he had found it disseminated in 
the thigh and the left leg of a fowl; finally, the special 
journals have reported, after Spallanza?ii, who first gave 
notice of it, that in 1878 German soldiers of the garrison 
of Thionville, became affected with Trichinosis, and two of 
them died. It was affirmed that the disease had its origin 
in consumption, not of the flesh of the pig, but of that of 
the goose. These three are the only cases hitherto recorded. 
Those of M. Damarchi and of Thionville do not admit of 
discussion, for the details are wanting. But we may observe, 
as regards the food of German soldiers, that it is more often 
composed of American preserved meats than of goose, and 
every one knows that Trichina is not rare in American 
bacon. Dr. Bakodes’ case remains, but Linstow, who closely 
examined his work, did not hesitate to say that Bakodes 
committed an error, and only found a spiropter. He says, 
reasonably, that Trichina spiralis is never found encysted 
in the walls of the digestive tube; it only traverses them to 
enter the striated muscles. Thus, we must accept this result 
with some doubt. Besides, the experiments of Fuchs and 
Pagenstecher, Davaine and Colin authorise doubt. They 
have shown that by making some birds ingest Trichina 
capsules the parasites are promptly set at liberty, increase 
in size rapidly, develop their sexual apparatus and copulate. 
But generally the females were expelled from the intestine 
before the escape of the embryos, or when the latter entered 
