VETERINARY SCIENCE IN AMERICA. 543 
has been given, who laboured under difficulties scarcely less 
favorable. 
1 now believe I have made this subject clear, if not, I 
must admit my inability to do so. “ If the statements of 
American veterinary history made by this author were 
‘ unjust’ and ‘ unfair, 5 where was Mr. Jennings, the 
planner of the United States Veterinary Medical Associa¬ 
tion, at the opening meeting of which the paper was read ? ” 
Not knowing at what meeting the paper was produced, 
I cannot answer the question. But I do know that the 
graduates of the English and Fiench schools were not in 
sympathy with American veterinary practitioners, nor have 
they ever been; as proof No. 1, J. Horsburgh, M.R.C.V.S., 
visited the United States in 1853; he says, “ I visited 
the cities of Philadelphia, New York, Newark, Dunkirk, 
Cleveland, Columbus, Covington, and Cincinnatti, and, 
unless it be in New York, in all these places, and the sur¬ 
rounding countries, for a distance of 1200 miles there is 
not one qualified veterinary surgeon/’— Veterinarian, 
1854, p. 252. 
Having said thus much, I will attempt an answer, pro¬ 
viding you, gentlemen, will bear with me a few moments, 
by showing the one-sided turn taken by the U.S.V.M.A. 
after the Convention of Veterinary Surgeons assembled in 
the City of New York, in June, 1863. When the call for an 
election of officers to serve one year was made, the following 
names for President were presented :—Robert Jennings, of 
New Jersey ; and J. H. Stickney, a graduate of the English 
and French Veterinary schools, the youngest man, with 
one or two exceptions, in the Convention. The graduates of 
Europe urged my father to waive his right to the Chair for 
the sake of harmony, which he willingly did (though A. S. 
Copeman was his choice), at the same time receiving pledges 
to sustain him at the next election. 
One year passes round and another annual meeting is 
held in the City of New York. Again he is asked to waive 
his right in favour of A. S. Copeman, which he did under 
the second solemn pledge of support at the next annual 
meeting. In neither of these elections were there any 
opposition to the candidate named. The third annual 
meeting was held in the City of Boston ; a call for nomina¬ 
tion of officers was in order. The names of Robert Jennings, 
of New Jersey, and Charles M. Wood, of Massachusetts, 
were presented. New York and Massachusetts being fully 
represented, which was not the case with Pennsylvania and 
New Jersey. Again my father is urged to yield his right to the 
