OBSERVATIONS ON THE LUNG PLAGUE OF CATTLE. 705 
propagation. The presence of the disease where the malign 
European infection has been implanted, and its persistence and 
spread there for thirty-seven years, when contrasted with the fact 
of its entire absence from all other parts of the New World, 
* shows, beyond dispute, that the disease is the result of imported 
virus, and of this alone. Cattle exist and have long existed 
from Labrador to Brazil, and from Brazil to Patagonia, in the 
most trying climates—arctic and torrid—and under all con¬ 
ditions of life, and every form of abuse and neglect, but in no 
one instance has this fatal plague been generated on the Western 
Continent and propagated from a new point independent of im¬ 
portation. Like the Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), the Lung 
Plague is an exotic, dependent altogether upon the foreign seed 
for its existence, and it could be as easily and permanently eradi¬ 
cated as the thistle has been from Winsconsin and certain other 
States. 
Lung Plague not Spontaneous in Africa and Australia .—Por 
many centuries the nations of Africa have owned herds of cattle, 
being dependent on them for labour, as well as for meat and milk, 
in those districts where the "tsetse" proves so fatal to solipeds. 
Since the colonisation of South Africa by Europeans the settlers 
have imported many herds from Europe, but until 1854 the 
Lung Plague was utterly unknown. In that year, as testified by 
Ptev, Mr. Lindley, a missionary, a Dutch bull, imported by a 
gentleman of Cape Town, manifested the plague six w r eeks after 
his arrival, and fourteen weeks after his shipment from Holland, 
and from him the pestilence has since spread over the whole un¬ 
fenced ranges of Cape Colony, Orange Free State, Natal, Zulu- 
land, Transvaal, &c. Here no such plague was known in all 
antecedent time, but once introduced in the body of a single in¬ 
fected animal it has desolated the whole southern part of the 
Continent. 
When discovered, Australia was destitute of cattle. The 
whole bovine stock is, therefore, the progeny of those introduced 
by the colonists. On the rich native grasses, and in the excep¬ 
tionally salubrious climate, the cattle throve and multiplied until 
the name of Australian “ squatter” became a synonym for a man 
of wealth and influence. But in 1859 Mr. Boodle, of Melbourne, 
imported from England a shorthorn cow, which, fourteen days 
after its arrival from its three months’ voyage, manifested the 
symptoms of Lung Plague. The whole herd was slaughtered 
and paid for by public subscription, and his lands were enclosed 
and proscribed, but a teamster turned his oxen into the en¬ 
closures under cover of night, the disease spread through their 
means, and on the unfenced pastures it was found to be im¬ 
possible to control it. No conditions produced the disease until 
