706 OBSERVATIONS ON THE LUNG PLAGUE OF CATTLE. 
the importation of the infected English cow, but after the 
entrance of the infection it received no check from the healthful 
climate, nor from the enforced slaughter of tens of thousands of 
animals, and to-day the rich pastures of Australia are ravaged 
by the pestilence. 
Lung Plague not Spontaneous in the British Isles. —In 
Great Britain the pestilence was unknown in modern times until 
in 1839, when it was imported into Cork, Ireland, in the bodies 
of Dutch cattle sent to a friend by the British Consul at the 
Hague. It spread rapidly over Ireland, and entered England 
and Scotland before 1842. Erom this time it has been kept up 
by constant accessions of disease from the Continent, brought 
in the cattle then for the first freely admitted to the English 
markets. 
Yet the striking fact remains that for the forty years during 
which the plague has prevailed on the British isles the Highlands 
of Scotland have kept clear of the infection. The explanation is 
found in the fact that native cattle are bred in the Highlands 
and shipped thence to market, but no strange cattle are ever in¬ 
troduced. The Highlands are the coldest, bleakest, and most 
exposed parts of the island, the places where lung diseases are 
above all to be expected, and their exemption, while the more 
genial plains are ravaged by the plague, shows plainly that 
the affection is no product of Britain, but an exotic that has 
spread wherever the foreign cattle and their infected victims have 
come. 
No Evidence of Spontaneous Lung Plague in "Western 
Europe. 
The Channel Islands. —These, lying directly between the 
infected shores of Erance and England, and famed in all times 
for the abundance and excellence of their cattle, have never 
suffered from the lung plague, for the very sufficient reasons 
that no strange cattle are allowed on the islands. 
Spain and Portugal. —These countries lying out of the line of 
cattle traffic from Eastern Europe, and accustomed to breed and 
export cattle, but to import none, have hitherto kept free from 
this as from other cattle plagues. 
Norway , Sweden, Denmark, Schleswig-Holstein, Oldenburg, 
Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Switzerland. —These are countries 
into which the lung plague has been introduced at different 
times, but from which it has been completely expelled by well- 
directed suppressive measures. 
Extinction of Lung Plague a National Duty. —Erom all that 
has been said it follows with certainty that this plague has never 
been known to arise spontaneously in Western Europe, and that 
