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INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN EQUUS ASINUS. 
Limbs. 
Rind.—Sartorius superiorly is attached to the tendon of 
psoas parvus, to the os innominatum with psoas parvus, or 
only to the lumbar fascia, sometimes to two or even three of 
these points. 
Flexor pedis perforans sometimes presents a distinct muscular 
belly and tendon, probably a representative of the flexor longus 
hallucis found in man. 
Variations of pedal muscles less marked than in fore limb. 
Fore. — Scapulo-humeralis posticus sometimes almost obso¬ 
lete. 
Teres externus sometimes divisible into teres proper and 
acromio-humeralis, as in ox. 
Flexor brachii. —Superior tendon has a remarkable piece of 
red muscular structure on its anterior part, which varies con¬ 
siderably in size. Also the band which runs from this muscle 
to extensor metacarpi magnus may often be separated nearly to 
the knee; careful dissection shows that the inferior extremity 
of this muscle is somewhat divided into two parts similar to 
those seen in dog, &c. 
Pronator teres is of frequent occurrence inside the elbow-joint, 
arising from the internal inferior prominence of humerus, 
inserted just below internal lateral ligament, crosses radial artery, 
vein, and nerve. Generally this muscle is represented only by 
a small white fibrous band. 
Extensor pedis. —Thiernesse's and Phillip's muscles some¬ 
times distinct, often imperceptible. 
Lumbrici vary in number and size. The interossei of the 
large metacarpal, which in the Equidce form the superior sesa- 
moideal ligament, vary in their amount of muscular structure 
and in their bulk. 
Neurology. 
Nerves remarkably uniform; sometimes the transverse meta¬ 
carpal branch is not immediately subcutaneous, but separated 
from the skin by a longitudinal band of fibrous tissue. 
Splanchnology. 
Sometimes a third rudimentary circumvallate papilla a little 
behind the two usually present. Position of parotid opening 
varies to a slight degree. 
Teeth. — Incisors : sometimes only four present in each series, 
corner permanent incisors having never appeared. Occasionally 
the upper incisor series has quite become lost—either a result of 
wear or fracture. The superficial resemblances of this condition 
