54 
A PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATION. 
feet and a half deep, the top spit was cast into the bottom, the bottom 
spit upon that, and the two middle spits upon the top, dung being 
placed between the two top spits. The tap roots, and all descending 
roots were cut from the trees before planting, and care was taken that 
no portion of the dung should come in contact with the bark of the 
trees. The trees were planted shallow, and the surface around them 
being intended to be planted with strawberries, would require only 
to be forked occasionally, and the annual dressing of the strawberry 
plants would also be beneficial to the roots of the trees. The wall- 
trees were nailed in the fan form, in order to promote their growth, 
and to insure a due proportion of good bearing wood, which has been 
attained. In January next, or as soon as the weather permits after 
Christmas, they will be fully primed and nailed, rather in a different 
form to any of the various methods so zealously insisted upon by se¬ 
veral writers in your most useful Register. My method will be by 
" line and rule.” Thus in the centre of the space between two trees, 
the iron pin of the garden line will be thrust into the ground ; a few 
yards of the line will be run off the reel, the lines from the pin will 
be stretched to the centre shoots of the two trees next to it, where a 
loop knot will be tied on the line, and from them other loop knots at 
six inches apart, so as to embrace all the main branches of those 
sides. These branches will then be nailed to the sweep of the arch, 
and as near as may be one foot apart, and so that each leader may 
run between the leaders of its neighbour, as nearly six inches from 
each other as circumstances will admit, thus : 
4 
Experience has shown that by carrying the points of the leaders 
downwards, fruit is induced, because the sap juices are checked in 
their circulation by the recumbent form of the branches, and it is 
clear that vacancies in either tree may be supplied by the surplus 
wood of the other so as to keep the wall fully clothed. In any ex¬ 
tensive pruning of trees, whether against walls or standards, as much 
depends upon the due pruning of the roots as of the branches, only 
taking care not lo prune the roots in the same year that the branches 
are pruned. The pruning of the branches in all cases should precede 
