REVIEW. 
123 
Notice of a Submarine Forest on the West Coast of 
Ireland, by Mr. Murphy. This very singular phenomenon occurs 
on the eastern shore of the Island of Aranmore, on the coast of the 
county of Donegal. It was pointed out to us in 1827, by the boat¬ 
men who conveyed us from Rutland to Aranmore. The stumps of 
the trees are of various lengths, from a few inches to six or eight feet 
above the bog stratum on which they originally grew. This stratum 
is now below the surface of the sea; and at high water the whole 
remains of the forest are from six to twenty feet beneath the surface 
of the water. When the tide is out, a considerable number of the 
stumps are dry, and appear to protrude from sand, but this sand is 
merely a covering which has been superimposed on the bog. The 
stumps may be observed by a keen eye at an immense depth beneath 
the water, as we approached the main land. Submersed forests have 
been discovered on the eastern coast of England, and in Scotland. 
Their existence has been variously accounted for, by supposing that 
the bed of the waters of the ocean maintain a higher level now than 
they did formerly ; or, that owing to some convulsion, the land on 
which the trees grew has subsided. The most satisfactory reason 
which has been given appears to be, that the bog and the trees which 
it supported, moved, as we know bogs frequently do, from a higher 
to a lower level. This, from the appearance of the land, appears to 
have been the case at least with the submarine forest on the coast of 
Donegal. 
Culture of Tulips.— The compost best soiled to tulips is 
Sea sand. one eighth. 
Turf mould. one eighth. 
Fresh earth. one eighth. 
Leaf mould. one eighth. 
Cow dung . one eighth. 
Unless the two latter are very old, indeed, it is better to exclude them 
altogether, and increase the quantity of turf mould and sea sand. 
This compost having been well mixed, and repeatedly turned, until 
its parts are completely and equally incorporated, which can be best 
accomplished by passing it through a coarse lime screen, should be 
placed on your ground (which had been previously completely broken 
up two feet deep) four inches thick. The best aspect is east or 
south ; the beds should be about four feet wide, and have a fall of at 
least eight inches. Give your ground time to settle, say ten or 
twelve days, then mark your beds with the handle of a hoe, pressing 
it a little down, in rows eight inches assunder. Then put your 
tulips in three rows, six inches apart; they are merely to be placed 
