DRAINAGE OE SOILS. 
327 
operations, by running the drains across the declivity, whereby not 
only one hundred and fifty-three and a half roods of drains have 
been saved, but a perfect drainage of the field has been accomplished 
at less expense than the lifting of the original drains. Many other 
examples of the failures of drainages from the same cause might be 
adduced, but, from their similarity, I consider it unnecessary in this 
place, I have not, however, met with any case that has not been 
successful when the drains were carried across the slope and made of 
sufficient dimensions, and amongst numerous others with which I 
have been engaged. I shall only mention one, which not only realized 
every expectation that could have been formed of it, but also was 
drained at one-third of the expense it would have cost if it had been 
done by the system of furrow draining. 
This case was at Cleland, in Lanarkshire, the property of North 
Dalrymple, Esq. The field is of considerable extent, having a gen¬ 
eral slope to the south, and the soil is of a tenacious nature, inter¬ 
mixed with veins of fine sand. The drains are made across the slope, 
at the distance of twenty yards from each other, averaging three feet 
deep, and the breadth at the bottom is twelve inches : they are filled 
with stones, broken to the size of course road metal to within ten 
inches of the surface, and the remaining space with porous soil. The 
outlets are made winding through the lowest places, and intersecting 
the cross drains. These operations were finished in the spring of 
1832, and have not only given satisfaction but may be recommended 
as a complete specimen of shallow draining. 
It is evident, from the above statements, that the practice of put¬ 
ting a drain in every furrow, without discrimination as to the circum- 
£/• s, d. 
For lifting 396 Roods of old Drains, at 9d. per Rood. 14 17 0 
For filling in the earth at Id. per Rood. 1 13 o 
£16 10 0 
The expense of the new drains which you lined out were. 
For cutting 44 roods, five feet deep and coupled, at Is. 3§d. per rood. 2 16 10 
For cutting 150 roods, four feet deep, at Is. Ofd. per rood. 7 16 7 
For cutting 48 roods, four feet deep and built, at Is. Id. per rood.... 2 14 0 
For cutting level for the said new Drains.:. 0 6 8 
£13 14 l 
The Field is all ploughed and sowed with oats. 
I am, &c. 
PETER THORNSON, Factor .” 
To Me. G. Stephens. 
