HEATING BY HOT-WATER. 
463 
The plan of this pit is adapted for early or late forcing; in conse¬ 
quence of the construction, it is equally adapted for Winter as Sum¬ 
mer. By the advantage of the ventilators in carrying off the con¬ 
densed air, the advantage derived by the door being at the North 
end, we have no loss of top heat, as is too frequently the case in com¬ 
mon framing. The dung chambers may be appropriated to forcing 
Seacale, Rhubarb, and Mushrooms in pots or boxes. 
ARTICLE IV. 
PLAN & DESCRIPTION OF A MODE OF HEATING BY HOT-WATER, 
As Piactised at Olive-Mount, Water tree, near Liverpool, the Seat of J. T. Crosby, Esq, 
BY MR. GEORGE USHER. 
The annexed plans and description of a mode of heating by hot water, 
have been adopted at Wavertree, and, as far as we have gone, the sys¬ 
tem has realized every reasonable expectation, and affords a prospect 
of still greater advantages. I intend to send you next season, a par¬ 
ticular account of the effect of this treatment upon pines, with such 
observations as a little more practice will enable me to make. 
We aim at keeping the pits at 95 to 100 degrees, the houses at 
70 to 75 degrees during the nights of summer, and 60 to 65 in win¬ 
ter. The pit pipes are kept constantly going, the house pipes at 
night, and when necessary turned off in the morning, but if the wea¬ 
ther be very cold, they are also kept going constantly. The requi¬ 
site degree of heat is easily obtained by regulating the damper and 
partly turning the cocks. 
In consequence of the grate becoming choked with scoria it some¬ 
times happens that open dampers and full circulation will not effect 
the desired heat; in that case tilt the door on the top of the furnace 
with an iron wedge, about two inches high, this will soon raise the 
heat to the degree required; in fact, where it is absolutely necessary 
to use coals, I would always have this door left a little open, as the 
hydrogen collecting at the top of the furnace, may explode, and rift 
the brickwork. Where coke is used, (which I would always recom¬ 
mend both for economy and cleanliness,) this can never happen, 
that principle being in a great measure extracted. 
The value of the fuel used by us, when the pipes are all at work, 
is five shillings worth of coke in 21 days. The houses are 80 feet by 
17 feet, and the height at back 10 feet 6 inches and in the front 6 
feet 6 inches. 
