MANAGEMENT OF THE STALLION 
33 
of cases, and usually in the catarrhal form of influenza, be considered 
as recovered and free from the infection two weeks after the cessation 
of the fever, and the disappearance of all the symptoms. Convalescent 
patients from the pectoral form of influenza if the changes in the lungs 
have not entirely disappeared, and especially if in the meanwhile relapses 
have occurred, are for a much longer time capable of infecting other 
animals.” Hutyra and Marek. 72 
Dourine 
“Dourine is the name of a usually chronic, contagious, infectious 
disease of breeding horses, which commences shortly after an infective 
coitus and is at first characterized by a local inflammatory affection of 
the external genital organs with which subsequently symptoms of paral¬ 
ysis become associated as a result of an infection of the peripheral 
nerves and the intervertebral ganglia. It is caused by the Trypanosoma 
equiperdum. 
“ Occurrence . Dourine was fairly prevalent in Europe previous to the 
middle of the last century, and caused heavy losses by its frequent 
enzootic extension, especially in the horse breeding establishments. The 
veterinary police measures subsequently adopted resulted in a rapid 
diminution of the disease, so that at present it prevails only in some 
southern and eastern states, whereas in other parts of the world it occurs 
more frequently. 
“In America the disease was recently encountered repeatedly in the 
states of Illinois and Nebraska, and also in Chili; the principal focus of 
infection, however, exists on the Indian reservation of South Dakota, 
. . . The energetic measures appear to have been crowned with good 
results, as since 1906 no other cases have been noted. 
“ Prevention . Stallions and mares should be examined before coitus as 
to their health, and horses with inflammatory changes on the genital 
organs should be excluded from coitus on general principles. Besides 
this it is advisable to wash the penis of the stallion after every covering 
with a sponge dipped in clean water. 
“The veterinary police measures depend on the principle that horses 
affected with dourine should be excluded from breeding once and for all 
Such measures appear to be justified in spite of the possibility of a com 
plete recovery, by the frequent relapses and also by the fact that trypano¬ 
somes may be present for months in the genital organs of apparently 
recovered animals. Accordingly affected stallions should be castrated, 
while affected mares should receive a distinctive branding. The relative¬ 
ly late development of the symptoms characteristic of the disease, as 
well as the possibility of a healthy stallion transmitting the disease from 
an affected mare to a healthy animal, appear to justify an action re¬ 
quiring that healthy stallions which have covered mares affected with 
dourine should be considered the same as those affected.” Hutyra and 
Marek. 72 
Coital Exanthema 
“Coital exanthema is a diesase . . . characterized by vesicular ex¬ 
anthema of the external genital organs. It is usually transmitted from 
animal to animal during the act of coitus, and usually terminates in 
complete recovery. The cause of the disease is at present unknown. 
“. . . The disease occurs more frequently among cattle than in 
horses . . . Considerable losses are sustained in extensive outbreaks 
of the disease, because ... of the inability of draught animals to 
work, and from the prevention of impregnation . . .” Hutyra and 
Marek. 72 
