94 
PURE BRED DRAFT HORSES 
accident or exertion which may cause a sudden increase of the intra¬ 
abdominal pressure, su-ch as jumping, rearing, or copulating with a 
mare.” Williams. 48 
“Other defects that may occur in the new-born may be atresia of the 
posterior nares, astresia of other body openings—such as imperforate 
prepuce, opispadias, occlusion of the eyelids, occlusion of the auditory 
canal, fissure of the palate, persistent foramen ovale, or cyanosis, tongue- 
tie, hernia of the brain, odontomes, or rupture of the extensor pedis 
tendons in the anterior limbs of the new-born.” Williams. 48 
Tetanus Neonatorum, Tetanus of the New-horn 
“Tetanus of the new-born acquires special significance because of the 
avenue of entrance of the tetanus bacilli. While tetanus may appear in 
anw new-born animal from the same causes whi-ch induce it in the adult, 
it is of special interest to us when occurring as a result of navel infection. 
Owing to the method of infection, the malady acquires a distinctive name, 
though differing in no essential respect from the ordinary disease, ex¬ 
cept perhaps that it is more virulent because the toxic substances enter 
more freely and directly from the umbilic vein into the general circula¬ 
tion. In domestic animals, tetanus of the new-born is chiefly -confined to 
the foal. 
“The symptoms of tetanus of the new-born are identical with those 
observed in the adult animal, except that in our observation the outset is 
more sudden, the course more violent, and death more certain. We have 
not observed a recovery, but in the few instances which we have seen 
the course of the disease has been especially brief and stormy. As a 
general rule the foal goes down and is unable to stand within 24 hours 
after the first symptoms are noted. 
“If the navel is examined in these cases, so far as we have observed, 
there is found in each instance a well-marked purulent discharge emanat¬ 
ing from the navel vein. 
“The disease is handled the same as other cases of tetanus, but so far 
as we have observed, is hopeless from the outset. 
“Tetanus of the new-born may be safely and readily prevented by the 
same precautions—for ordinary purulent infection of the navel.” Will¬ 
iams. 48 
