MANAGEMENT OF THE STALLION 
157 
dington Farm, Maple Lawn Farm, Selma Farm, Cornell University, the 
University of Missouri, and the Gossard Breeding Estates—all answer 
negatively that their stud horses have developed any vices. On the other 
hand, a variety of vices are indicated by several stud farms. For instance, 
at the Pentoila Stock Farm, stall kicking is mentioned, and at the Arn- 
gibbon Farm, cribbing and windsucking. At the Michigan Agricultural 
College, the stallion is claimed to rub the mane and tail, for which the 
remedy advised is to apply kerosene and to change the feed. From Lake- 
wood Farm comes the word that masturbation is a vice developed by the 
stallion. To eliminate this, it is recommended to turn the stallion out with 
the mares all the winter. Hooper claims that in Central Kentucky Farms 
the breeders find biting people or blankets and kicking as vices developed 
by the stud horse. In the words of Ritchie concerning the stallion’s vices, 
the following is reproduced: “My horse, when I first got him, had never 
been educated, and he wanted to breed a mare when he got ready whether 
you are ready for him or not. But just get a good iwhip and go after him 
and show him that you are boss.” According to Truman, “on account of 
lack of exercise and being constantly confined, once in a while they de¬ 
velop cribbing,” to overcome this he says, “take out mangers, and don’t 
let them have anywhere to bite with their teeth; there are several de¬ 
vices to stop cribbing if taken in time.” Good is here referred to, to say 
that vices are usually caused by the man handling the young animal, but 
in this connection he brings out that in twitching the mare to be put 
ready for breeding operation the groom must release the twitch during 
the act of copulation or else the mare will not do her part. Stericker 
mentions self-abuse as a stallion’s vice for which he advocates the use 
of the “shield” as a remedy. He further says “do not play with a stallion or 
tease him; at first he will bite playfully, later he may do so viciously.” On 
this Holbert writes: “None with our stallions—except one stallion nips 
his chain or leader’s sleeve and is not a well-mannered server. Cannot be 
remedied now as he is seven years old and has a mind of his own. Could 
have been remedied when a colt.” 
12. Accidents. Diseases or Ailments 
Four farms surveyed find hardly any or no common accidents at all to 
which the stallion may fall a victim, namely, the White Oak Stock Farm, 
Holbert Farms, Oakdale Farm, Lefebure Sons’ Co., and Hawthorn Farm. 
In this connection it may be said that at the Oakdale Farm mean mares 
are hobbled, and the twitch is applied in all cases during the breeding 
operation. That the most common accident to which the stud horse is 
subject is to get kicked, is the unanimous reply of twelve breeding estab¬ 
lishments, viz: the Maple Lawn Farm, Selma Farm, University of Illinois, 
Longview Stock Farm, Truman’s Pioneer Stud Farm, Irvinedale Farm, 
Iowa State College, Lakewood Farm, Gossard Breeding Estates, Arngibbon 
Farm, Ritchie Stock Farm, and Wisconsin University. Stericker and 
Hooper also make the same statement. At the Michigan Agricultural Col¬ 
lege it is claimed that the stallion occasionally may slip in the paddock or 
may be kicked by cross mares during the breeding service. From the 
Santa Anita Rancho comes the statement that common accidents of the 
stallion are sprain of the shoulder, sprai nof the stifle, and kicks by unhob¬ 
bled mares, any of which may be met during the breeding operation. Like¬ 
wise, at the Raboin Pioneer Homestead Farm experience teaches that the 
stallion may ordinarily be kicked by the mare or sprained while doing 
service. 
The stallion is attacked by very few or no diseases or ailments as re¬ 
ported by the following farms: The Ritchie Stock Farm, Hawthorn Farm, 
Michigan Agricultural College, White Oak Stock Farm, and Santa Anita 
Rancho. While a number of establishments, eight of them, such as the 
