early settlers (Mansfield, D. L., “Vermont Hist. Mag.,” 
1891, vol. 5, p. 80). To the north of these places the local 
histories do not indicate that the Turkey existed at the time 
of settlement, and had it been present in any numbers it 
would surely have found mention in the early annals. The 
Connecticut Valley in Vermont was, of course, a much used 
route for Indian, French and English expeditions to and 
from Canada, so that game was early driven out. If the 
Turkey ever inhabited southwestern Vermont there appears 
now to be no evidence of it. 
Thus it may reasonably be inferred that the Wild Turkey 
in former times ranged along the seacoast of New England 
at least to the Kennebec region and probably to Penobscot 
Bay, if not to Mt. Desert, in a narrow belt along the shore. 
From southern Maine it probably extended across to the 
Merrimac River in New Hampshire, and followed its side 
valleys to the foothills in the western part of the State. 
It went as far north as Concord, and perhaps farther to¬ 
wards Winnipesaukee. Present evidence does not show that 
it was found in Vermont much beyond the southernmost 
part of the Connecticut Valley and the adjacent hills. The 
limit of its range thus corresponds roughly to that of the 
transition faunal area, and was possibly more or less co¬ 
extensive with the area over which red and white oaks were 
sufficiently abundant to furnish food in reasonable quantity. 
Possibly the apparent absence of the Turkey from most 
of Vermont is explicable through the comparative scarcity 
of oaks, whose place in the more limy soil seems to be in 
part taken by sugar maples, beech and butternut. 
Place-Names. 
Though the Wild Turkey has gone from our forests, the 
tradition of it remains in the place-names which were un¬ 
doubtedly given through the association of the bird with 
the locality in early days. In Maine there are a Turkey 
Point and Turkey Cove at Cushing, St. George's River, 
previously mentioned. In New Hampshire, Turkey Pond 
and its stream, Turkey River, near Concord, have already 
