BULLETIN 
OF THE 
ESSEX COUNTY ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 
OF MASSACHUSETTS 
SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS 
Issued Annually in December 
Edited by Arthur P. Stubbs 
Albert B. Fowler Ralph Lawson 
Walter G. Fanning Rodman A. Nichols 
DECEMBER, 1919 'SALEM, MASS. VOLUME I. NO 1 
INTRODUCTORY NOTE 
The Essex County Ornithological Club which presents 
this, its first Annual Bulletin, is made up of a group of men 
interested in nature study, of which class Thoreau, Frank 
Bolles, Bradford Torrey and other well-known men were 
eminent examples and John Burroughs is still active in the 
work. 
The meetings are very informal, specimens of birds are 
exhibited, excursions are made and altogether perfect accord 
has prevailed. 
Of all the great classes of the animal kingdom there is none 
in which all the species, numbering thousands, without a 
single exception, have leading characters in common, as in 
the class of birds. They are all warm blooded, they all breathe 
air, they all lay eggs, they are all clothed with feathers, they 
all have a horny bill or beak, they all stand on their hind legs, 
all have the fore legs modified into wings which are used in 
flying or as fins in swimming. If one brushed from his coat 
3 
