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often indicating by the presence of dead twigg, the com¬ 
petition to which they are subjected. 
In section 16, T* 51 K* R. 42 W., the hemlock: had 
been removed from certain "forties", making it possible to 
obtain a view of the general composition of the forest from 
the outside. This is shown in fig* 4. The three species 
mentioned are practically the only ones in evidence from 
an exterior view of a soction made in this part of the 
forest. Other large tree species, of less common occurrence, 
will be considered later. 
In the area cut over, referred to above, only the 
conifers had been removed, leaving the two principal deciduous 
species standing, as shown in fig* 5* This gave an opportunity 
to estimate the relative distribution and character of the 
latter. An estimate was also made of the comparative number 
of species in the forest having a diameter not less than 
1.5 dm. This was done by listing the individuals in a belt 
transect 220 m. long and 10 m. wide. It resulted In the 
following data so far as the principal species is concerned: 
hemlock, 80.5$; maple, 13.6$; yellow birch, 4.5$; basswood, 
1 . 5 $* 
On entering tho forest, one is impressed with the 
apparent age and maturity of the trees (fig* 6). The light 
is much reduced by the dense canopy above, formed principally 
