are sometimes covered with it, evon when partially shaded. 
Large numbers of woody sugar maple seedlings from 2-6 dm. 
tall often form a shrubby growth of considerable ecological 
importance. Other shrubs and shrubby trees found more or 
lees frequently in or near the border of windfall areas are: 
Acer spicatum Lem. (mountain maple), Amelanchier canadensis (L.) 
lledie. (June berry), Salix rostrata Richards (Bebb f s 7,/illow) , 
Prunus Virginians L. (choke cherry), Cornus alternifolia L. f. 
(alternate-leaved dogwood) , and Corylus rostrata Ait. (beaked 
hazelnut). 
In general, tfte herbaceous vegetation forms a closer 
index to the moisture content of the surface soil than the 
woody vegetation.. The most widely spread and shade-tolerant 
species of the hemlock forest is Aralla nudicaulis L. (wild 
sarsaoarilla)• Others of rather general distribution are: 
Galium trifloru m Kichx. (bedstraw), A ster macrophyllus L. 
(large-leaved aster), Clintonia bo realis (Ait) Raf. , Pitched!a 
repens L. (partridge-berry), Oxalia Acotosolla L. (wood sorrel^, 
Trientalis americana (Pers.) Pursh. (star-flower), Lycopodium 
ennotinum L. (stiff club moss) and Aspidium spinulosum (0. F. 
Mtlller) Sw- var. intermedium (Muhl.) P. C. Eaton. The follow¬ 
ing list is not so characteristic, but it includes some which 
are frequently found along water courses or low ground: 
Asplenium Pilix-femina (L.) Bernh. (lady fern), Onocloa 
