- 7 - 
portion ( fig. 3) of the original land mass, the rest having 
been removed by erosion during a very long period of time. 
At the beginning of the glacial period, the general 
topography was probably much the same as at present. The 
mountains were laid bare at a relatively early date, mating a 
cusp in the ice front, presumably between the Warren and Algon¬ 
quin stages. According to Lane (19) the water was ponded on 
the north side of the mountains to a depth of 171 m. above the 
present surface of Late Superior and on the south side at least 
49 m. higher than this, the drainage being toward the Mississippi. 
Old beach lines on the north slopes show successive stages in 
the height of the late, where the late level was more or less 
stationary. 
From what has been said, it is evident that the 
highest level lies bact of the first range, though the latter 
is much the most rugged. The rough topography is, in general, 
conditioned by the geologic structure of the region. The main 
drainage lines are occupied by the Carp and Little Carp rivers, 
which flow roughly southwest. These parallel the general 
direction of the ridges, and finally turn northwest, emptying 
into Lake Superior. A portion of the drainage is also east and 
southeast into the valley of Iron Eivor. 
CLIMATE OF THE HBOIOH. 
The following data were obtained through the 
courtesy of the U. 3. Weather Bureau at East Lansing; see also 
