-23- 
sjajiere of influence lias undoubtedly extended much further 
than the younger trees. The f or oat floor here was free of 
large shrubs; of small woody plants, 60 specimens of Rubus 
Parvlflorus wore counted, 14 of Lonlcera canadensis and at 
least 30u seedlings of Acer saccharum . The most conspicuous 
herbaceous plant was Aralia nudicaulis . Other herbaceous 
plants noted were Pliego p tor is Dryopteris , Cllntonia boreal is , 
Galium trifloruia , Mitch el la repons . I it ell a nuda . Cornus 
canadenais . and Dycopodium annotlnun . In fact, both the woody 
and herbaceous vegetation were typical of a well-drained 
portion of the dense hemlock forest. 
QUADRAT 2 (fig* 12). - This was taken in 
a windfall. It consists of comparatively young growth. The 
oldest standing specimens consist of a hemlock 130 years old, 
a white spruce 110, and a sugar maple 90 years old; and none 
of these had reached their full growth. The dominating 
influence of this hamlocK is clearly shown in the diagram. 
Its dense spray is more effective in causing suppression than 
that of the maple or even of the white spruce. The best- 
lighted area of the quadrat is occupied by the younger growth, 
nearly one-third of which consists of balsam. The maple, 
100 years old, shown near the top of the quadrat, was broken 
off several feet above the base by a secondary windfall, and 
in falling apparently leveled four other trees as shown. 
