24 — 
consisting of two balsams, a yellow-birch, and a specimen 
of large-toothed aspen (Populua grandidentata ). The last 
three species named are all faeter-grcwing than hemlock or 
maple. Of the 14 trees which are standing, 5 are balsams, 
a hemlocks, Z maples and 1 shite aprftco. The oldest balsam 
is 50 years, and it is certain the other balsams will be 
suppressed, probably before any one of them reaches loO. 
White spruce ( l 3 icea canadensis ) is very rare in the hemlock 
forest, and it is likely that this single specimen will 
eventually disappear before the maturing hemlocks. This 
leaves the struggle between the 5 hemlocks and the 2 maples, 
and typifies the final stage in any windfall. It is vory 
suggestive as to the light it sheds on the ultimate com¬ 
position of the forest at this point. 
Salmonberry and largo seedlings of mountain maple 
and sugar maple formed a low woody growth that acted as a 
screen for the usual herbaceous vegetation. The quadrat 
contained several hundred sugar maple seedlings, the oldest 
being about 5 years. These latter were very much affected 
by anthracnose leaf spot and by an insect disease. Ninety 
hemlock seedlings were counted, mostly growing on rotting 
logs in the shadier part of the quadrat. Large-toothed 
aspen was represented by 15 seedlings; the largest in¬ 
dividuals, though only 3 years old, were twice as tall as 
