-39- 
(0. F. Mtillar ) Sw. vur. intermedium (Muhl.) D. C. Eaton, 
Phogopteris Dryopteris (L. ) Pee (oak fern), Afliantum pedatum 
L. (maidenhair), Botrychium vigfginianum (L.) Sw. (rattle¬ 
snake fern), Hystrix patula Moenoh. (hottle-Brush grass). 
Hilium effusum L. (millet grass), Solidago latlfolia L. 
(broad-leaved golderirod), Kibes Gynosbatl L. (wild goosfebrryy), 
Smilaoina raoemosa (L.) Desf. (false spikenard), Actaea alba 
(I*) Mill, (white baneberry), Viola canadensis , L., Sanguinaria 
canadensis L. (bloodroot), Aralia nudicaulis L. (wild sarsa¬ 
parilla), Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell* (true Soloman*s 
seal), and Galium triflorurn Miohx. (bedstraw). The last-named 
species is one of the commonest of the smaller groxmd covers* 
The maple climax, as above described, occupies 
a comparatively narrow zone on the north side of the first 
range. As will be shown later its development on the south 
side is as yet in the early stages, this development being 
closely related to the physiographic foatures of the range 
and the adjoining valley of Carp River. 
A. General physiographic features. 
That the top of the first range still holds out 
against the mesophytic forest is undoubtedly due to the 
peculiar topography of this range. As is evident from fig. 3, 
this topography is associated with the geological formation 
