-41 
A represents a stage of the cliff found opposite 
Carp Lake in sec* 22. Here the escarpment is high and the 
talus slope dips into the lake. At this point the trap and 
sandstone portions of the cliff can readily ho di stinguished. 
The trap is superimposed upon the sandstone, and has under¬ 
gone a greater disintegration, forming a ledge as shown. 
B and 0 typify ordinary conditions whore the escarpment is 
high and the talus slope from £00 - 300 m. wide, bordered by 
a more or less mesophytic forest at the foot. At 3) is shown 
a stage where the top has been rounded off to such an extent 
that xerophytic tree species, such as red and white pine, 
are able to gain a footing. The former is usually more 
abundant under the brow of the cliff, where it is more or 
less sheltered. The latter is found in the more exposed 
situations, being the first to creep over the top when 
the conditions become favorable. Stages B, C, and D may 
all be seen in section 14. IS and F represent stages at a 
low point in the range, such as is shown in fig. 25, preced¬ 
ing the formation of a saddle. Here tho talus slope is 
much reduced, the forest pushing well up toward the summit, 
even though the latter may still remain xerophytic. 
0 
B- Successional relations 
I. Xeraroh successions on the first range. 
m ecological survey of the vegetation 
