72- 
suggested by Ruthven fl,p. 27). In this ease the pines 
began their invasion near the water's edge, following the 
heath mat stags# They made their last stand at the top 
of the mountains, being followed up and replaced by a 
mesophytio fbrest, the successions being correlated with 
the greater accumulation of soil near the base of the 
slope. 
The top of the first range is unique in still 
holding out against the mesophytio forest. This is un¬ 
doubtedly due to the peculiar topography of this range. 
As is evident from fig. 3, this topography is associated 
with the presenoe of Carp Lake, which once covered a much 
greater area than at present. The ddp of the strata to¬ 
ward the north, coupled with the subsidence of Carp Lake, 
has created a great cliff or escarpment, which is con¬ 
tinually wearing away, producing a talus slope at its foot. 
The development of vegetation over the region 
has led to two climax formations, namely the hemlock climax 
and the maple climax. 
The presence of the hemlock climax on the north 
elope of the first range seems to be conditioned by the 
physical factors of temperature, moisture and light. Great¬ 
er humidity and more uniformity in temperature noar the 
shore is due to the presenoe of a largo body of water. The 
