90 
RURAL NEW-YORKER 
January 20, WIT. 
This is what makes 
Bams Better — 
If you want healthier, more productive 
live stock—more profit fi’om dairy cows 
—morewoi’kfrom your draufjhtanimals 
—youtooshould equip YOU 11 barns with 
GLOBE” Ventilators 
They remove the stale air and barn odors— 
keep the iiir frc.sli and inviBorating—operate 
continuously—24 hours a day, every day in the 
year. They are Silent, Storm-proof and Bird- 
proof. Have no moving parts—easy to install 
and cost nothing to maintain. 
Send for our interesting ciicular “Bettor 
Barns” and learn why most successful Dairy¬ 
men and Farmers use “GLOBE” Ventilators. 
GLOBE VENTILATOR COMPANY 
Department A Troy, N. Y. 
UNICORN 
MAKES WONDERFUL 
MILK RECORDS 
^The 3 highest Holstein year rec¬ 
ords in Indiana made with Unicorn. 
<][Highest analysis and digestibility 
of any officially tested ration. 
^Contains no hay or cheap fillers. 
5lalces milk at lest cost than any 
other feed or ration. 
Free 
Copy of Cow Tetters 
Manual with uteful tables 
^Write today number of cows 
and breed your own and get copy. 
CHAPIN & CO., Pure Feeds 
P. O. Box 815R - CHICAGO, ILL. 
Vipward Trial 
JhneAicam. 
FULLY 
GUARAHTEtD 
CREAM! 
SEPARATOR 
A SOLID PROPOSITION tosend 
new. well made, cjisy runnintc. 
perfect akimming separator for 
$16-%' Closely skims w.irraorcold 
milk. Makes heavy or liirht cream. 
Dillerent from picture, which 
illustrates larger cnpaeity ma- 
cbinea. See our cosy plan of 
Monthly Payments 
Bowl II sanitary marvel, easily 
cleaned. Whether dairy is largo 
or small, write for free catalog 
Olid monthly payment plan. 
Western orders filled from 
Western points. 
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO. 
Bsi 3075, BaiubriLge, N. T. 
HORSES 
/^XJTT/^FC Leading Live 
V-flHW Stock Dealer. 
a.'iO Poreheron and Belgian Stal¬ 
lions, Mares, Shetland Ponies and 
llolsleln Callle. (;omo and see the 
$ 20 ,(MM) HolsU-iii Bull. King Cliaiu- 
iiion llag Apple, the greatest! young 
hull on eartli, Vriees right. Torins 
to suit reoponsihle parties. 
A. W. GREEN 
Midilleneld, O.. R. R. Station, 
Past Orwell, O., on Ponna. R. R, 
KENTUCKY JACKS and SADDLERS 
Hlti BONK Kentucky .)ACKSand .IKNNETS. 85Iiead FINK 
CUBAN GAITED STALLIONS, geldings and mares. Fauey 
MIILE TEAMS WRITE ITS desorihing .vour wants. 
ASK FOR OUR 1917 CATALOG 
THE COOK FARMS - Box 43eL, LEXINGTON, KY. 
s"i.E ThreeRegistered Belgian Mares a"d7iUX 
old; all bays, Frank Lieser, iTelTorson, Ohio 
GUERNSEYS 
GUERNSEY BULLS send for s.He list. 
Edwin B. Maude - Ooatesville, Pa. 
_ Buy a guernsey bull 
yotir pmlits. 
The 2.yr. old daughters of a pure bred Ciicrnscjr 
hull in oiiio, jirodiioed 70% more butter fatauil 50.» 
more milk t nan their scrub dams. ' 
Write for our free booklets and l.roo^-ra calendar. 
Amor. Cuernsoy CattI© Club* BoxR* Pct©rboro» W» H. 
STANDARD LIVE STOCK BOOKS 
Types and Breeds of Farm Animals, 
Plumb .2.00 
Diseases of Animals, Mayo.1.60 
The Rural New-Yorker. 333 W. 30tb Bt., N. Y. 
Live Stock and Dairy 
Value of Fat in Cheese.making 
As there has been considerable con¬ 
troversy among the patrons of our cheese 
fiictor.v ill regard to tne hiitt(>r fat test 
which we have list'd, I would like to get 
some practical data, which fact.s have 
been established he.voiid any roiisonable 
doubt, to place before our annual meet¬ 
ing. Tlie patrons whose test runs from 
4.4 down claim it is impossible to make 
tlie clu'esi' take up any fat above 4%; 
tliat rich milk makes poor cheese. There¬ 
fore, it is unfair to them to receive 
around ii!2 per 100. while some of us n*- 
ceived .$2.7S for H.S milk. They insist 
llmf we place ti limit on the test at 4.4, 
so tliat tlie herds testing above that will 
lose all the way up to 1.1. which is cer- 
t.iiuly unfair, as the former saciifice 
nothing. I claim tliat the butter fat 
can all be extracted (under normal con- 
ditioiisl from a vat which tests 4.0 (it 
is seldom a vat will roach that test); 
that rich milk makes better cheese. 
4'herefore, when high-testing milk is 
placed in a vat with low-testing milk, 
and it brings the average around 4.-4 or 
umler, no one is the loser, iiiid it is _a 
siiuare dt'al all around. If a limit is 
to be set. it should he at about 5%, as 
that will .split the differeucHi and each 
party saerilieos their part. B. C. W. 
New York. 
It was an old Ix'lief. which I .supposed 
no longer existed, that all fat in milk 
above .‘{.r* or 4% must go into the whey 
and not into the clieese. Breeders de- 
chired that only cows of this type were 
suitable and profiliihle for cheese-mak¬ 
ing, because of the above ftict. This 
idea is an absolute fallacy, as will be 
.shown. 
I'lit factors that determine the amount 
of cheese that can be made from a hnn- 
dred pounds of milk are tlie percentage 
of fat and casein in the milk, the loss 
of fat and casein in the whey, and the 
per cent, of moisture incorporated in the 
cheese. On page 207 of “Science and 
Practice of Cheese Mitking,” by I’a’) 
Slyke and Publow, it is shown that if 
cheese of uniform moisture content is 
made the amount made from 100 Ihs. of 
milk of varying richne.ss will be sliowu in 
the following table: 
Pit (’ant of fiit Per cant of (■.•i?oiii I.lis. of aliaeso 
in luilU inm.il; from DM) IIo. ot milk 
S.30 
,”..00 
2.10 
3 2.^1 2.20 
:{.,^)0 2.30 
3.7!'. 2.40 
4.00 2.r)0 
4 25 2.00 
4..50 2.70 
4.75 2.S0 
5.00 2.00 
Here it is shown that as the fat in 
milk incretisos the casi'iu also increases, 
although at a slower r:ite. It is further 
shown that 100 lbs. of 5% milk will 
make, other conditions being eipial, 4.G 
lbs. more cheese tlnm 100 lbs. of 3% 
milk. 
The same authors, after carrying on 
exhaustive experiments jit the (leneva (N. 
V.) experiment Station, rei.oit that the 
whey evolved in making cheese from 
3.25% milk tested on an average .32% 
and from 5% milk .31%, practically no 
dilTi'rt'iice. It is further shown that 
wlien using 3% to 3.5% milk a varia¬ 
tion of slightly over a pound in yield of 
clieese w.-is nott'd. depemliiig on the whey 
incorporati'd in the cheese. 
The fat basis is the simplest and most 
legitimate basis for buying cheese milk. 
A lumdred i.ovinds of rich milk is worth 
more, because it will make moi'C, and 
I certainl.v no i.oorer, ttml po.ssibl.v better, 
i clu'e.se. The man .selling low-testing milk 
gets his reward through the fact that he 
lias more milk to sell and more whey to 
use for feeding or other purposes, 
, . M. F. J. 
Rape for Hog Pasture 
I don’t wonder why hogs like rape. 
I like the taste of the leaves myself, and 
I ht'Hevo if it was silaged iu a sauer¬ 
kraut barrel it would go along nicely 
with Alfalfa bran made iu biscuits, llape 
iK'eds good soil. Some corn-belt farmers 
.sa.t it will grow anywhere, but I tini 
satislied that the wisest plan is to pick 
the best spot handy to the barn. It re- 
(inires rich ground. The ground must l.e 
well nmiinrea; don’t stop at loss than 12 
tons of manure to the acre. Get the 
ground ready early in the 54|)ring. sow 
the seed as early as you cau, htive the 
seed bed well packed, and if you have 
any doubt about the fertility of the soil 
go yotH* 12 tons of manure one bet.ter 
by toi)-dressing the ground. I did it, and 
I am stitisfied it lielped. I have used 
commercial fertilizer, and have used acid 
pliosphate, and one seems about as effi¬ 
cient as the other on reasonably rich 
ground, and I am satisfied the fertilizer 
made a profitable showing, comparing 
the fertilized with the unfertilized pai’t 
of the field. I have used lime on rajie, 
and I find thiit produces a remarkable 
dilTorence. I cannot sti.v whether soil 
acidity is hostile to rape or whether the 
lime released fertility, but I will con¬ 
tinue its use. On good ground rape will 
do well if sown up to the middle of 
August. l)nt I question sowing it much 
later than that, although I sowed a pii'ce 
a year ago irtiont Sept. 20 with rye and 
it came through the Winter and made 
a fair stand where fertilizer and lime 
wore list'd, and wlu're niiinure had been 
apidii'd. hut on the unfertilized part of 
the field very few stalks appeared. We 
have a lot sowed to rape the middle of 
August last year. The ground is in good 
condition, hut it made poor progress, 
owing to dry weather, hut it is possible 
that it will survive Winter and provide 
some early hog pasture. In buying rape 
he sure to get the Dwarf Essex, as there 
is !i birdsoi'd rape which seeds the same 
year, riifortnnatcly, I got some a year 
ago; the hogs had a run of an orchard 
and the rape, and would hardly touch 
this v'iiricty. Wlu'ii they acquire .a taste 
for the Dwarf Essex the appetite is right 
ou the job. Rape should have as much 
thoughtful care in planting as Alfalfa, 
have plenty of manure, the .soil well 
packed, and plenty of vegetable matter 
in the soil and lime and phosphorus. 
Ohio. W. J. 
S.’SS 
0.45 
10.03 
1 too 
11.17 
11.74 
12.31 
12.90 
Milking Sheep 
.\re there an.v slu'ep farmers in the 
T'liiti'd States who milk their sheei) and 
make cheese from the milkV Is it against 
the law to milk sheep and make cheese 
from it? J. K. 
Ark port, N. Y. 
Wc do not know of an.v sheep men 
iu this country who are making a hnsiness 
of milking their slieeii. as is done in 
Knropi'. We have heard of one or two 
pc'ople who wore attempting this, but 
iiave never hi'cn able to* run them down. 
If any of our peoiile read this and can 
give facts about it we wish the.v would 
do so. There would be no law to pro¬ 
hibit a man from milking a shee]) if he 
could hold her wlicii site gave any milk. 
AYRSHIRES 
A Study of Pit Silos 
We have many questions during the 
year in regard to pit silos. Many of 
our people have written about thi.s kind 
of a silo, and as they think it will cost 
loss thjin a silo built above ground they 
want to know about it. 
In nine cases out of ten a pit .‘^ilo 
built iu any humid region and in the 
usual heavy soil will prove a failure. 
Tlicre are parts of the country, how¬ 
ever, where this form of a silo appar¬ 
ently gives fair satisfactiiui. Out in the 
rainli'.ss region of the West, wlu're the 
soil is naturally dry, and where tliere is 
little rainfall, the pit silo frequently 
jiroves a good investment. The exjicri- 
incnt stations of some Western Slates 
have issued bulletins on this subject. 
The last, and one of the best. Circular No. 
S. is issiK'd by the Arizona Experiment 
Station at Tucson. This bulletin con¬ 
tains many pictures showing just how 
these silos are made, and has an inter¬ 
esting account of their operation. 
A pit silo is really a hole in tlie 
ground, eitlier round or stiuare, dug dowu 
into the soil and lined with concrete or 
wood. In most cases there is a top 
above the silo, but the essential part of 
it is the hole in the ground. The corn; 
Horglium, millet or whatever there is is 
cut directly into this hole and stamped 
down, as iii tlie ordinary silo. It is cov¬ 
ered to keen out the rain, and in feeding 
from it. instead of throwing the silage 
down from the top, it is liftctLup out 
of the ground. The pit is the clieapest 
form of silo, as naturally it costs loss to 
dig out the hole than it would to buy the 
mati'rial ttiul build a strnctnia' above 
ground. Ill Arizona, which is a dr.v 
country, tliis form of silo has given good 
satisfiiction, and ftiriners have worked 
out tile plan for feeding it so that they 
have a good plan for <)i)erating. This 
iinlletiii gives subslttnlial reports from 
2n farmers who Iiave built these pit silos. 
’I’hey are all satisfied, and most of them 
intend to put in new ones after giving 
the plan a full trial.' Iu several cases 
the reiioi'tcd cost is very small. 
For instance, one man has built a pit 
silo with a capacity of 54 tons for 
.$4(S, while another built such a silo with 
his own labor til a cost of .$21. All sorts 
of crops, iuclndin.g ci'i'ii. sorgluiin. millet 
Mr. HUGH F. 
WHITNEY, of Pu. 
laski, N. Y. 
was induced to buy a popular breed, but 
after some time discarded It and bought 
AYKsniHES. Those who once own Ayrsbires 
sehloin change. But just watch the number 
of breeders who will Change to Ayrshires 
the next .vear or two. If you will investigate 
tltis liardy, healthy, prolific, PROFITABLE 
breed, you will understand WHY. Address, 
AYRSHIRE BREEDERS’ ASSOCIATION 
C. M. Winslow, Sec’y 21 Park St., Brandon, Vt. 
in 
Ayrshire 
For the next few weeks you can buy heifer 
calves with record backing for $100.00 each. 
Write at once for pedigrees. 
HENDERSON AYRSHIRE FARM 
HUDSON, OHIO 
(ZE 
HOLSTEINS 
] 
Stevens’ Farm 
HOLSTEINS 
K Holstein heifer calves. $15 
eneli,exi)re.sspRi<liulotsoflive. 
12 registereU lioifer calves, 
registered hull calves, all ages. 
All from liigh-producing 
(Isms, la Krsde licirers.S-fimos. old. 
PAUL H. STEVENS. Cortland, N. Y. 
East River Grade Holsteins For Sale 
100 Extra liigli grade cows. Fresli and duo to calve 
soon. Cows that are bred for iiillk. Tlioy till 
tiie pail. Como and see tliem milked. 
12 Reg. bulls, all ages. A few Beg. cows and extra 
liigh lieifer calves, 10 days old. 
JOHN B. WEBSTER 
Dept. Y Cortland, N.Y. 
Phone 14-F.S Phono 43-F-2 McCraW 
Grade Holsteins for Sale 
9nn C’ttra fancy, well bred and nicely marked cows. 
^0" A number arc recently fresh ami others due to 
freshen soon. They are hcavj- producers .and will 
please you. 
4nn large, well lu-ed two and tliree year old heifers 
I UU bred to good registered H. F. Iiiills. All stock sold 
with a full gnnrnntee. Special price on car load lots. 
F. P. SAUNDERS S SON Springdale Farms, Cortland, N.Y. 
Phone 116 or 1176 M 
^ SpotFarmHoIsteins,^15 
m. 
r; 
A son of Pontiac Korndyke 
with .'(O lh. dam and 26 of his 
daughters. K Holstein heifer 
I calves $15 each, express jwild in 
I lots of 5. 60 high grade heifers, 
II to 3 yeais old, W6 to $76 each. 
120 registered heifeis, 6 inontii.s 
to I year old, $100 each. Regis- 
tert^ cows, licifers and India, 
high grade cows. I.arKe stock 
on hand—come and see them. 
JOHN C. REAGAN, Tully.N.V. 
Quit the Holstein Business? Ho. 
Just Moved. Cramped for Room 
Male calves bred way up tit prices too low to print, 
lieil'er calves,heifers.andcows.Noblnflf—wemustsell. 
F. H. RIVENBURGH 
Elite Stock Farm, Stockbridge, N. Y., (formerly Munnsville) 
-v- ' — 
lini down. Cheap bulla 
I tlHw jjce iiie most expensive. We offer 
registered sons of a 35.01 lb. sire, A. U. O. dams, at 
Fl'JS, easy payments. Farmers can't afford to use 
8erul)s at tliese prices. Send for pedigrees. 
CI.OVKKDAMS FARM, CHARLOTTE, N. V. 
For Sale -8 Superior Grade Holsteins 
Closing out clieap to make room for jiureltreds. 
Mohegan Farm - Peekskill, N. Y. 
For Sate-Holstein Heifer, 
SOWS; not bred- HARRY VAIL, Warwick, Orange Co.,N.Y. 
Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves vvri4*fo^r 
special offer. GATES HOMESTEAD FARM, Chitlenango.N.V, 
JERSEYS 
RpffigfprpH ilargPVQ Sophlo Tormentor blood, the 
ncglolCleU UDiocjfo world's best. V oung bulls, hoifera, 
calves, and a few good cows. D. J. KENEPP, MeVeylomi, Penn'. 
For Sale-Four Registered Jersey Bull Calves 
Two months old out of a sire who has 19 daughters 
in the Advanced Registry. $35 each. 
OEO. L. FKRRIS & SON . At waters, N. V. 
For Sale-Registered Jersey Bull Call 
dropped May 33rd, 1916. Sire, Torono Pogis of Hood 
Farm 113138. Dam, General's Wanda 240123, whose 
average test for tlie past year was 8.2% Uuttorfat, 
Address, WILLIAM BERRY,Valley View Farm.DeLancey, N.Y. 
<< 
QUALITY”' 
FOR SAIF Jersey Bull Calf, 5 months old. 
1 ijnAiLi Ham’s authenticated record. 
826 lbs. 1-oz. butter: grandam 744 lbs. 13-oz.: 
great-grandain 612 lbs. 2-oz. Sire’s dam, 608 
ibs. 7-oz., test began at 13 yrs. 7 mos. of age; 
grandam 737 lbs.; II in Iiis pedigree in 
Register of Merit. He’s a good one. Address, 
E. W. MOSHER, Brigbtside Farms, AURORA, N. Y. 
FAIRVIEW. FARM 
Sophie^s Tormentor Jerseys 
“Production” our Watchivord 
PAW C 1V P N*- HB—BULL eSLF. Dropped May 27,1916. 
hi IK NAI.K Solid color (Hglit fawn), black tongue 
* '^** *-'***^*^ end switch. Sire, Lou’s Toroiio 1066U; tlKJ 
bull whoso dam and two grandsms aTeraga 14,261 ll>s. 4 oz. milk, 
U6S lbs. 13 oz. blitter, Pam EiRcis 8Sth of Hood Farm 23S727, a 
Bsxister ol Merit daughtor of i’ogis Vtli ot Hood Farm. Kccord: 
6,123 Ibs. 3 oz. milk, 410 Ills, butter as a twO'yenr-nId. 
RAYMOND L. PIKE, Manaoor . GENEVA. OHIO 
