l^he RURAL NEW-YORKER 
41 
Water Flow Down Incline 
14 describes a method of passinsr 
the water down an incline without cut¬ 
ting away the soil. Of course, judgment 
must be used to have the pipe large 
enough to take care of the amount of 
water feoing that way. .The intake open¬ 
ing is just inside of a concrete wall or 
stop, which stop is about four inches 
higher than the opening of pipe. This 
method of passing the water through the 
l)ipe is to avoid the splashing and wash- 
Getting Rid of Surface Water. Fig. 14 
iiig effect that would occur if the water 
tiimblefl over the concrete stop. You will 
note that the discharge of the upper pipe 
is on a level ivith the intake of the next 
lower one, and so on until the lowest level 
is reached. This method conld be used 
to advantage iilong the public roads. 
Fig. 1(> describes the method to be used 
to (ill in and hold in place a wash or gully 
that often occurs along the edge of field. 
Preventing Wash on Hillside. Fig. 15 
The finst thing to do is to put in a stop 
at No. 1, which is shown in Pig. If!, which 
is to be permanent; then another at No. 
2, which is a temporary stop and is to 
be taken out after the gully has filled in 
up to the fourth level (see sketch). Ne.xt 
put in a stop with pipe at lowest point in 
run : this stop is to be put about four 
inches iibove pijje opening at No. 7 level; 
Level Line 
Side View of Wash Prevention. Fig. 16 
this stop should not be straight but 
should have a circtilar incline towards the 
gully, which gives strength to the dam. 
The water will carry and fill in this cut 
in the course of time. As soon as it fills 
up to the top of the first level a short 
joint of pipe should be cemented on (10 
inches), and this process continued to 
the top of level No. 7. If this construc¬ 
Combined Surface and Underground Dam. Fig. 17 
tion is i)ut in in a strong, substantial 
way it will last for years without any 
washing out. These concrete stops should 
all be made with the outsides about four 
inches higher than the center, so in case 
the pipes become stopped at any time the 
water will run over center of stop in¬ 
stead of washing around tlie ends. 
Fig. 17 shows another use this idea 
may be applied to; the open end of the 
drain, protecting the end of drain and 
taking care of the surface flow at the 
same time. j. u. p. 
West I’oint, Va. 
Cooling Room in Ice-house 
Fan you give me an idea how I should 
build to incorporate a cooling chamber in 
an ice-house 12x14 feet, which is to be 
insulated so as to eliminate the use of 
sjuydust packing? I wish to use without 
Idling that separate chamber from the 
original ice supply, and still maintain a 
inoderate coolnes.s—say 45 to 50 degrees 
in the hottest weather. The chamber, 
which is to be used for temporary egg and 
fruit storagi', should be ventilated so as to 
eliminate dam|)ness as much as jiossible. 
Youngsville, N. Y. ir. m. 
In reply to this rpiestion I can only 
offer a suggestion which might not prove 
practicable, for I have never setm it tried. 
If only a .small space is recpiired for stor¬ 
age. the building coidd be divided by a 
I)artition of metal—say g.alvanized iron. 
The ice could tlnui be packed on one side 
of the jiartition leaving the other side for 
storage. If a larger space were needed, 
the building could be made in two stories; 
the upjier floor being of galvanized iron, 
upon which the ice could then be placed 
(with some provision for drainage). Ven¬ 
tilation might bo provided by a flue from 
the top of the cold chamber (which, of 
course, would need to be insulated if 
p.Mssing through the ice) with intakes for 
cool air near the floor. c. s. ir. 
less liable to surface contamination than 
dug wells and their duration is indefin¬ 
ite. There are peculiar variations in 
soils, however, even within a small ra¬ 
dius. I have driven a well on my own 
place and obtained a plentiful supply of 
good water in less than an hour; neigh¬ 
bors just acros.s the road and only a 
few hundred fi'ct distant are obliged to 
dig their wells, finding it impossible to 
didve a pipe the necessary distance into 
the soil. An old driven well on my 
place, said to be GO feet deep, and driven 
by some one of the preceding generation, 
is a never-failing source of pure, cold 
water. liepeated attempts to drive a well 
in the same soil and only about .SOO feet 
away have failed;’such are the peculiar 
kinks in the soil that well-drivers meet. 
M. R. I). 
fying cistern water, though permangan¬ 
ate of potash in an amount sufficient to 
color the' water a light pink has been 
much used and alum, the hypochlorites 
and other substances are mad<' use of in 
connection with filtering plants for pub¬ 
lic water service. ^r. i5. p. 
Driven or Dug Well 
Will a drive i)ump prove all right for 
a house well? I wish to ])ut a pump on 
my back porch. I’orch is over the cel¬ 
lar ; could place the cylinder in the 
cellar. Would such a well last any 
length of time or would you advi.se a 
dug well? (i. s. j. 
Danville, Va. 
Where the nature of the soil and the 
water suj)ply permit a well pipe to be 
driven I know of no better type of well 
than the driven well. Such wel's are 
Ill-smel'ing Cistern 
Could you tell me of anything I could 
put in a cistern to take away a foul 
smell? It is a brick cistern in (rellar. 
There is no shut-off to it, and we have 
so much rain I cannot get it <lry to clean. 
It is a place we recently purchased so 
do not know how long since it has be(>u 
cleaned. \v. a. h. 
Auburn, N. Y'. 
If the water of a cistern can be thor¬ 
oughly aerated, by agitation or by pump¬ 
ing air to the bottom through a hose, the 
disagreeable odor that it accpiires upon 
standing will be lessened or removed. If 
the foul odor is caused by filth, however, 
this will have to be removed before any 
permanent improvement can be expected. 
I know of no chemic.-il that alTords ji sat¬ 
isfactory and practicable means of puri- 
Hominy Chop; Calculating Horsepower 
1. Is hominy chop as good in a ration 
as corn chop? Has it the same feeding 
value? Hominy per ton; corn chop 
2. How do you find the horsepower 
of steam engines? The cylinder is .5x5, 
GO lbs. boiler pressure, 250 revolutions 
per minute. w. u. K. 
Relay, Md. 
1. Corn chop and hominy choj) are 
listed as having practically tlu; same di¬ 
gestible feeding analysi.s. If feeds you 
mention are sold true to name, there 
should not be (fG per ton difl'erence in 
price. 
2. The fonnula for figuring the horse¬ 
power of an engine is: 
PLAN 
H.I*.=- 
.23000 
H.P. = Horse power. 
P.=: Pre.ssure. 
L.=Twice length of stroke in feet. 
A. = Area of piston in sep in. 
N. = No. of revolutions per minute. 
Since you do not state length of stroke, 
it will be impossible for me to figure the 
horsepower. The data given can be sub¬ 
stituted in the fornmla as follows: 
GO X — X 10.035X350 
11. P.- 
330(K) 
By putting twice lentgh of stroke in 
feet in blank space, you can figure tl.o 
horsepower. ii. r. .t. 
Dependable Spark Plugs 
In winter weather your spark plugs must necessarily stand up under violent 
extremes of cold and heat. 
The porcelain insulators are subjected to most severe strains. 
Champion porcelains are a quality product, scientifically constructed and tested, 
and cushioned against the force of the explosions in your cylinders by specially designed 
and patented asbestos lined copper gaskets. 
Their dependability is proverbial. 
There is a Champion Spark Plug specially designed for every type of automobile, 
tractor and stationary gas engine. 
The name “Champion’Ts on the porcelain of every genuine Champion-Toledo Plug. 
Champion Spark Plug Co., Toledo, Ohio 
