124 
•Ghe RURAL NEW-YORKER 
January 27, 1917. 
James planned and equip¬ 
ped dairy barns mean 
more milk and less 
work. Make 
your dairy barn 
an efficient work 
shop and profit 
maker. Install 
JAMES 
Sanitai^ Bam Equipment 
Give your herd contentment 
and comfort and they’ll give you more 
milk. James equipment is the practical 
profit-maker that thousands of America’s 
dairymen use. Tell us when you intend 
to build or remodel and for how many 
cows— we will send you the big 
“Jamesway” Book Free, 
James Manufacturing Co* 
EESOCane Street, Ft. Atkinson, Wis. Elmira, N. 
P. R. ZIEGLER C0.< 
Boston, Mass. 
DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO., 
San Francisco and Seattle 
UNICORN 
MAKES WONDERFUL 
MILK RECORDS 
qThe 3 highest Holstein year rec¬ 
ords in Indiana made with Unicorn. 
^Highest analysis and digestibility 
of any officially tested ration 
^Contains no hay or cheap nllers. 
Makes milk at less cost than any 
other feed or ration. 
Copy of Cow Testers 
J Mtmual with useful tables 
qWrite today number of cows 
and breed your own and get copy. 
CHAPIN & CO., Pure Feeds 
P. O. Box 815R - CHICAGO, ILL. 
Freo 
MINERAL' 
rnuse 
over 
HEAVE5?;,ra 
.COMPOUND 
Booklet 
Free 
NEGLECT 
Will Ruin 
Your HorsB 
Sold on 
Its Merits 
BEND TODAY 
AGENTS 
WANTED 
$3 Package 
guaranteed to give 
safisfactlon or 
money refunded 
$1 Package sufficient 
. for ordinary cases. 
Postpaid on receipt oT price 
Write ter descriptive booklet^ 
HINEitAL HEAVE REMEDY CO., 461 fourth Ave., Pittsburg. PS, 
will reduce inflamed, swollen 
Joints, Sprains, Bruises, Soft 
(Bunches; Heals Boils, Poll 
Eva.Ouittor, Fistula and 
infected sores quickly 
as it is a positive antiseptic 
and germicide. Pleasant to 
use; does not blister or remove 
the hair, and you can work the borse. 
S2.C0 per bottle, delivered. 
_ , Book 7 M free. 
ABSORBINE, JR., the antiseptic liniment for manldnd. 
reduces Painful. Swollen Veins. Wens. Strains. Bruises; 
stops pain and Inflammation, Price 81.00 per bottle tl 
dealers or delivered. WiU teU you more if you write. 
Liberal Trial Bonie for 10c in stamps. „ 
W. F. YOUNG, P.D.F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. 
Early Rising for Cattle 
Does it pay to rout young cattle out 
early in the morning? Will it require 
more feed to carry an animal through the 
Winter if got up early than if it is al¬ 
lowed to get up late, feed during the 
warmer part of the day, lie down early 
and stay there as late as possible the next 
morning? I have read that in time of 
famine in China the people sleep as much 
as possible so as to .save their food, and 
if that is true why not let animals do so 
also? T. B. II. 
Washington. 
It is preferable in all cases to have a 
separate barn for young stock. If the 
cows must be milked early in the morn¬ 
ing, as is usually the case, this prevents 
rousing up the young stock and the dairy 
cow naturally does best under quiet con¬ 
ditions. Go into a barn in the middle of 
the night and most of the stock is lying 
down at ease. On your approach many 
of them arise and remaiu standing for 
some time, usually until you make your 
departure. Now just how much of an 
economical factor this matter of quiet is 
in cost of raising dairy heifers I am un¬ 
able to state. I have never seen results 
of any experiment on this point. It is 
reasonable to suppose that a heifer would 
need less food nutrients if she is quiet 
and comfortable, so to speak, for 14 hours 
out of 24, than if she is cold and made to 
stand or stir about during a good part of 
the time, n* f. J. 
agree with me when I say that sheop 
will work over Winter roughage to better 
advantage than cattle. Moreover, sheep 
finish for market on a smaller outlay for 
concentrates. Since roughage is what the 
hill lands of New York produce, it seems 
to me the sheep have it. 
Before the opening of the West, before 
the Civil Wai% there were many sheep 
raised in the East. The opening of the 
western range, however, took sheep pro¬ 
duction westward. Now, while undoubt¬ 
edly there is much land in the United 
States that is fit for range uses only, 
still in a large sense the range is nearly 
of the past. 
One result will probably be that our 
juicy steaks will be largely cut from dairy 
cattle, and another will be that the East¬ 
ern farmer will find sheep more profitable 
in the future. Western range competi¬ 
tion is growing smaller each year, and it 
was the cheaply raised Western sheep 
that put the New York grower out of 
business. 
These facts have already been recog¬ 
nized among Eastern farmers, as witness 
the recent effort in Pennsylvania to pro¬ 
mote sheep growing, and also the publica¬ 
tion of a bulletin, “Sheep for Profit in 
New York,” by the New York State Col¬ 
lege. B. 
Beef Cattle Versus Sheep in New York 
In New York State the dairy cow is 
kept wherever there is a good outlet for 
dairy products. The New York creamery 
is becoming a thing of the past, because 
butter and cheese, being concentrated 
products of good keeping qualities, can be 
produced in the Middle West and shipped 
east cheaper than the Eastern farmer 
can produce them. The New York dairy¬ 
man produces market milk wherever he 
has a suitable outlet. The growth of the 
Eastern urban population, combined with 
the fact that market milk must be pro¬ 
duced reasonably near the point of con¬ 
sumption, has also helped push the 
creamery west. 
There are. however, hill regions in 
many Eastern States where milk must 
he hauled prohibitive distances to reach 
a shipjiing jxiint. Here it would seem 
that the dairy cow does not fit as a live 
stock enterprise. The question then 
arises, what shall the farmer finding him¬ 
self in such a region keep—beef cattle or 
sheep? 
The regions where it pays to keep a 
cow for her calf alone are growing fewer 
every year. To do this profitably the 
cow must be pastured practically all the 
year. This is what has been done on the 
Western range, where land was and in 
some places is still so cheap that each 
head is allowed enough pasture for feed 
the year through, eating the frozen 
grasses during the winter. Other coun¬ 
tries, such as England, have a mild, 
equable climate, with ample yearly rain¬ 
fall, and in spite of high land values are 
better grazing regions than Eastern 
United States. Argentina, with the ex¬ 
ception of rainfall, is an excellent graz¬ 
ing country and is now the chief heef- 
exporting nation. Argentina cattle are 
grass or Alfalfa fattened only. A large 
part of United States beef is grown on 
the range and sold as feeders to Corn Belt 
farmers, who finish them for market. 
Here, then, are the two requirements 
for a region that would produce beef— 
cheap pasture or cheap concentrates. The 
Eastern farmer cannot pasture more than 
five months out of 12, and he is too far 
removed from Corn Belt conditions and 
from the Corn Belt itself to have cheap 
concentrates for fattening. Corn can he 
shipped cheaper in the form of beef or 
pork than in the original kernel. There¬ 
fore, steer feeding will probably stay 
where it is—in the Middle West, Obvi¬ 
ously the way of the New Y’'ork beef pro¬ 
ducer is marked with pitfalls. 
What, then, is the case for the sheep? 
With concentrates ruled out as a major 
finishing food, the problem is, of course, 
which class of live stock will finish best 
on roughage. Sheep will remain on pas¬ 
ture a month longer in the Fall than 
cattle, and I think all stockmen will 
Crumbly Butter 
Wliat causes butter to get very hard 
and crumb in pieces like cheese? 1 
churn from one cow\ Once a week I 
skim the cream from the milk and churn 
the cream only. During this cool weath¬ 
er the cream is not always sour w’hen I 
churn. It takes from a half to three- 
quarters of an hour for the butter to 
come. My butter tastes good, but crumbs 
and is very hard. MBS. P. B. M. 
New Jersey. 
The three probable causes for youP 
butter being crumbly are cold wvather, 
advanced lactation, and dry feed. A.s the 
cow approaches the end of her lactation 
period the fat particles in the milk be¬ 
come smaller and harder. The feeding of 
a Winter ration without any succulence 
in it, such as corn sflage, has a tendency 
to make bal’d butter. H. F. J. 
Trouble With Churning 
I would like your advice on making 
butter. Is there any particular churn 
that is the best? Ours is a revolving 
dasher. The butter has white streaks 
through it, and does not keep well. After 
a few days it has a rancid taste and 
smell. The butter comes all right and we 
wash it three times and w’ork it well, but 
cannot get rid of the white streaks and 
the milk or cream after a few days has 
that peculiar taste. K- w. s. 
Connecticut. 
The style of churn has little to do with 
the quality of the butter. Revolving 
churns are probably the most popular be¬ 
cause easiest to operate, but the old-fash¬ 
ioned dash churn is preferred by many 
w'bere there is but little cream to be 
handled, or conditions are such that the 
butter is long in coming. 
A strong taste to the butter soon after 
it is made suggests that you are keeping 
the cream too long before churning and 
allow'ing it to become over-ripe. Butter 
should not be streaked if the buttermilk 
is worked out before salting. Our own 
plan is to wash the butter in the churn 
in cold water after draining off the but¬ 
termilk. It is then removed to a large 
bowd, and all water possible removed by 
working or pi’essing it with the ladle. 
The salt is then added and very lightly 
cut in, after which the butter is allowed 
to stand over night. A second working 
removes what buttermilk is left, and 
leaves the butter without streaks, ready 
to pack. In working butter use a cutting 
and pressing motion with the ladle but do 
not draw the latter over the butter, thus 
breaking its grain. See that all utensils 
with which the milk or cream, or the but¬ 
ter, come in contact are well scalded in 
hoiling water after each cleansing, and 
when possible, expose tin utensils to the 
sun after washing- A little carelessness 
in this respect will permit the development 
of bacterial growths which turn cream 
rancid and spoil butter. See to it also 
that the cloths used in washing milk uten 
sils are kept clean and scalded and ex¬ 
posed to the sun and air, M. B. D. 
Experience Teaches’’ 
If there is any one fact in connection with 
soil manag-ement standing out more clearly 
than any other it is the proposition set forth 
on the blackboard. 
War-born booms with accompanying fancy 
prices for grain may tempt us to put the plow 
through rich blue-grass sods that represent 
the work of many years. 
Don’t do it, 
FEED the land instead of robbing or STAKV- 
ING it. 
He who shapes his course in any business 
from the basis of fancy or abnormal returns 
being temporarily enjoyed is on dangerous 
ground. 
Stand by established standards, and con¬ 
sider general averages covering a series of 
years, and do not be blinded by sensational 
financial fireworks—no matter how alluring 
they may appear. 
THE BREEDER’S GAZETTE stands for 
permanency. 
It has been under one management for 35 
years. 
Its growth' and development has been that 
of the oak, and not the cottonwood. 
It teaches steadfastness as the cornerstone 
of all success in farming or any other busi¬ 
ness. 
It wanders off after false gods not at all, no 
matter what the temptations of the moment 
_and counsels all its readers to be firm in the 
faith of good live stock as the essential factor 
in right farming systems. 
It sticks to its text always—the text on the 
blackboard. 
If you are farming you will find it a con¬ 
genial companion. 
Just now you can subscribe to it for one year 
for $1. or THREE YEARS for $31 
That is the lowest price at which it has ever 
been sold, and the offer will not be duplicated 
another year. 
On March 1 we -expect to announce a sham 
advance in the price. 
Before that date our production costs will 
begin to jump like a jack rabbit. 
We must have more money for the paper, or 
let THE GAZETTE down to the level of the 
"scrub.” 
We do not propose to do that. 
We want to make it ever and ever better. 
With the cooperation of all who believe that 
we stand upon a sound platform we shall be 
able to do so. 
See our agent in your vicinity, or if there is 
none, write us for terms to agents, and help 
introduce a GOOD paper to your friends. 
Sample copy free. Address 
THE BREEDER’S GAZETTE, 
Room 1122, 542 S. Dearborn St., Chicago 
l^iil^iniliti^imiimin»mmiiniiniTini»M»iiBinmtiffnimmiffiT\i(fnm«iiijiinmulTOift« 
Keeps StockThrifty 
Keep milch cows at highest producing point; 
Calves and other live stock steadily growing 
without interruption or loss. Keep your stock 
in top notch condition—all the time—at very 
little cost; get all the profit possible by using 
CARPENTER’S ^ 
Nutriotone 
Mixed with regular feeds, it has for over 44 year* 
served dairymen and stockmen: saved thousands of 
farmers big losses by preventing and curing indi¬ 
gestion, worms, scours, colic, abortion and all other 
ills which are the cause of run down conditions. 
Send today tor our zreat, liberal, free, 30-day trial 
offer. No money required. Send postal NOW 
for literature and zreat offer. 
W. D. CARPENTER CO. 
Box SO Syracuse, N. Y« 
