Crushes the Clods 
cuts, levels, and turns the soil twice—all in 
one operation. That’s the way “the coul¬ 
ters do the work” when you use the 
“Acmc**Pulvcrizing Harrow 
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Duane H. Nash Inc. 
141 Millington 
Elm St. N. J. 
TO 
FARMERS 
All Over the Country 
Remember the 
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If You Wait Until the Last Minute 
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You Might 
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of Steel Wheels and Farm 
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■Ghe RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
149 
New York State Fruit Growers’Association 
Part TII. 
The organization and workings of the 
Califoriiifi Fruit (trowers' Kxcliange was 
discussed in detail by I’rof. II. ,T. 
Eustfiee, Michigan State Horticulturist. 
The industry represents an investment of 
over $2,000,000 and a normal crop would 
be about 50,000 carloads of oranges and 
lemons. It is a purely non-profit co¬ 
operative organization tbrougb which 
S.OOO fruit growers market their crop, 
riiore are three distinct units: First, 
the lociil packing-house, made up of 
growers. There jire 170 of these. All in 
a neighborhood are federated into what 
is called the sub-exeliange for economy in 
handling busine.ss details. There are 17 
of these _ suh-e.xchangos. in as many dif¬ 
ferent districts, and these are in turn 
fedcM'ated into the central exchange, or 
the C’iilifornia Fruit (Growers' Exchange, 
with a central office at Los An.geles. 
To form the first unit of the exchange 
sevtM-al growers will hand themselves to¬ 
gether to prejiare their fruit for ship- 
nient. By several it is nnder.stood that 
it may fie one. if he Ims acreage and pro¬ 
duction enough, or it may be several hun¬ 
dred. - They first form an organization 
on a non-profit plan, elect a board of 
director.s, usually of five members; give 
the associiition a name—something like 
the Pomona Fruit Grower.s’ Association— 
find a manager and other necessary as¬ 
sistants are hired. They may buy. build 
or run a packing-house, ecpiip it properly 
and select names for the dilTerent brands 
of fruit they intend to pack. The cost 
of the i»acking-house ami the equipment 
is paid by deducting five or ten cents a 
box on aJI fruit sbipiied through the 
house. When the fruit is delivered to 
the packing-house it is .separated into 
(he difl'erent bi'ands i>reviously agreed 
upon ami the weight of each brand for 
every lojid of ever.v immiher is carefully 
r(“cordod. Tins givc's a basis for making 
tlie money return to the member. The 
returns for all of the fruit shipped during 
ii i)oriod of a week, two weeks or a month 
are called “pools.” The length of these 
"pools” is decidf'd by the diroctor.s. This 
means that the money received for all 
the fruit of a like brand shipped during a 
"pool” is averaged. 
When a grower iigrees to become a 
mmuber of a packing-house associiition, 
or. as it is properly known, the local 
exchiinge, he agrees to stii.v in the as.so- 
ciation for a definite time, nsu.-illy a 
year. He cannot withdraw on ji .short 
notice. Beyond this first unit there are 
two well-defined units or divisions, the 
next being the sub-exchange. The alTairs 
of ii sub-exchange are nmnaged by a 
Ixaird (>f directors composed of one reiire- 
seiitiitive from each of the local ex¬ 
changes. These directors organizi', elect 
officers and hire a niiuiagor. He serves 
its a go-between or a clearing house for 
the many business detiiils that would 
necessiirily come up between the local ex¬ 
change which he represents and the main 
office or the central exchange. He directs 
the packing-house maiiiiger in the matter 
of the make-up of the cars of fruit as 
regards the brands or grade.s, the dillercut 
grade.s, the difl'erent sizes of each and the 
varieties to place in a carload. He ar¬ 
ranges with the railroad companies to 
liiive the right number of empty cars 
lilaced at the dilTerent p;icking-houses. 
He advises the packing-house manager re¬ 
garding the best time to harvest the Buit 
or any brand of the crop, .so that it may 
reach the market at the most advantage¬ 
ous time, and attempts in this way to 
keep the supply uniform. After the fruit 
is loaded in the car and ready to ship, he 
informs the packing-hou.se manager where 
to ship it. 
The next unit in the organization is 
the central office, the correct name of 
which is the California Fruit Growers’ 
Exchange. Its policies and alTairs are 
looked after by a board of 17 directors, 
one from each of the sub-exchanges. They 
have an open meeting in the central office 
in Los Angeles every "Wednesday morn¬ 
ing. The funciion of this central office 
is to .sell the fruit for the growers and- 
attend to all of the business matters of a 
general nature, such as railroad questions, 
claims, legal matters and advertising, 
while administration of the details is left 
to the sub-exchange organizations or the 
local exchange officers. 
How would such an organization look 
in AVe.stern New York? Start with 
Niagara County. There wouhl be several 
packing-houses, probiibly om* or more 
than one in every railroad station. This 
would be the first unit. They would be 
governed by a board of directors; the 
brands of fruit that they would care to 
name would be packed at these packing¬ 
houses. For convenience, all of the pack¬ 
ing-houses or local a.s.sociations of Niagiira 
County would be federated into !i sub- 
exchange Avith an officer at Lockport. 
Affiiirs of these sub-exchanges would be 
managed by ji board of directors, one 
from each pjicking-house. These sub- 
exchanges would be federated into a cen¬ 
tral office, which would be at Rochester, 
where the general questions of policy and 
management would be decided by the 
board of directors, one from each sub- 
exchange. There would be located the 
office of the central manager, the traffic 
department, the sales department, the 
legal department, the field department, 
and the advertising department. Also the 
supply company. w. it. .T. 
I T is far better than stove 
heating and actually more 
economical — saving fuel, 
time and trouble. Ask' us 
for the names of people who 
proved this last winter. 
ll1TERI14ri0n4L 
Onepipe Heater 
Every Room Warm. Think whaf 
it means to have all the rooms of your hone 
warm all uj/o/er—cozy, cheerful,comfortable! 
Not a house heated in spots; but one con¬ 
tinually flooded with a healthful flow of 
warm ait coming from a single healer that 
requires attention but once or twice a day 
and which burns less fuel (coal or wood) 
than the use of several stoves. 
Cellar Cool. The heated air is all 
confined to the inside of the triple wall 
asbestos-lined inner casing. Cool air drawn 
down from above betv\een the inner and 
outer casings keeps the outer casing and cellar 
cool. You can store fruit, jams, vegetables, 
etc., within a few feet of the heater and 
they’ll be as cool as you want them. 
Will It Heat Your House? 
No one type of heater suits every house. (We 
make all types.) We won’t knowingly sell a 
misfit anywhere— our 60 years reputation 
is too Valuable. Our engineers will answer 
the question for you without charge and 
with absolute honesty. 
Send For Free Chart, Informa¬ 
tion Blank and Descriptive Booklet. Answer 
the questions and pencil in on the scale pro¬ 
vided, the floor plans of your dwelling as 
directed. (Very simple.) Return to us and 
we’ll tell you frankly if the International 
Onepipe will suit your particular place and 
problems. No obligation whatever. Just 
send a card and ask for “International One¬ 
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InTERn/TTion/iL Heater Cocop/iny monroest., utica, n. y. 
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The Frederick County Spreader 
Low Price and Quality Combined 
Where nhall wc send 
your catalog? IT’S 
FRKE. 
To our knowledge the Prkdkuick County Limk ® 
and FKitTiLr/.icK Sprkader was the llrat sncceifH- 
fill spreader placed heloi o the Amkrican Faumbu 
anti each year we have added special fealurea. Onr 1917 model 
sprouder will spread a larger vailety of lime ainl fertilizers 
tiiau any other spreader on the market. Is simple in construc¬ 
tion which nieaiia din uidlity. Contains all ol the newest ini- 
pi ovenients, iiiclnding antomatic-gear-clntcli, indicator^ aero- 
A™’ACTivrhTicK m-Rt Waodsboro Lime SpreaderCo. 
s.oreader in eacii locality. Department 0 20 Baltimore, Md, 
Year of Years to Plant Potatoes 
Let the Aspinwali Dp the Work 
The ofily correct drop. A one-man. Automatic 
Potato Planter. Saves expense of extra man. 
Does all the work—oit the time. Plants more acres 
per day—opens the furrow, drops the seed, any size, 
any distance, marks the next row—all in one opera¬ 
tion, 66,000 now in use. Plant the Aspinwali way. 
Aspinwali No. 3 Potato Planter 
j 
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urnished when wanted 
Send today for FREE BOOK giving; 
facts how to plant for profit. 
Cutters, Planters, Sprayers, Dig' 
gets. Sorters. 
Aspinwali Manufacturing 
Company 
562 Ssbui St. Jackson, Mich. 
World’s Oldest and Largest 
Makers of Potato Machinery 
attach 
Rotato 
Rlantcp 
Raise Potatoes This Year 
Increase your profits by using our potato planter. 
Opens furrow, drops seed any distance or depth, 
covers, mark.s for next row—all automatically. 
Puts on fertilizer if desired. One man operates 
and sees seed drop. Made of steel and malleable 
iron, assuring long service and few repairs. 
Send for Catalog 
BUREKA JAJin. 
MOWER 
CQ, 
Box 840 
Utica, 
N. Y. 
imMiE 
Farm, Garden and Orchard Tools 
Answer the farmers’ big questions. 
How can I grow crops with less 
expense ? How can I save in plant¬ 
ing potatoes ? How make high 
priced seed go farthest 7 Tho 
IRON AGE Potato Planter 
solves thelabor problem and makes 
tho best use of high priced seed. 
Means $6 to $60 extra profit per acre. 
Every seed piece in its place 
and only one. Saves 1 to 2 
bushels seed per acre. Uni- 
forni depth; even 
spacing. We make 
a full line of potato 
machinery. Send 
for booklet today. 
No Misses 
No Doubles 
BatemaaM’f’gCo., Box 2B,. Grenloch.N. J. 
In Small Fields or Large 
Wer^t 
The ALL STEEL-FRAME 
TWO-WAY SULKY 
emuED Riawsi 
handle jnsj as easily and will turn the same size 
furrow as any other, with much less 
horsepower. They save driving around 
the ends, leave no dead furrows or back 
furrows, and permit the driver to drop 
dead furrows where necessary. 
The Le Roy All Steel Frame Two-Way Sulky 
Plow is so easy to handle that a boy can 
operate it. 
Tight draft, steady, durable, reliable, pays for itself quickly, saves 7 
miles of walking to the acre. 
WORKS PERFECTLY. Frame of best steel and malleable iron ; extra wide 
to prevent tipping on side hills. Pole adjustment simplest of any. Plow 
beams can quickly be turned to left or right, or to take more or less land. 
Any of the thousands of farmers who use the Le Roy Two-Way Sulky Plow will tell 
you it is one of the best tools they have on the farm. 
Ask your dealer. Our catalog ou request. 
LE ILOY PLOW CO.. Le ILov. N. Y. 
L 
