156 
Feomarr s, 1917. 
"She RURAL NEW-YORKER 
You Busy Farmer! 
Have You Help Enough? 
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know how to grow better crops with less 
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Cottoo PUntcr 
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Dadant & Sons Hamiuon.iii. 
THE GASOLINE ENGINE ON THE 
FARM. Its operation, repair and uses. 
By Xeno W. Putnam. 
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OliO pages. Nearly 180 engravings. 
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1917 
Bradley’s 
STANDARD 
Fertilizers 
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Agents and Dealers wanted. 
Ask for Prices and other Information. 
The American Agricultural Chemical Co. 
92 State St., Boston. 2 Rector St., New York, Philadelphia, 
Baltimore, Buffalo, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Detroit. so 
Farm Mechanics 
Amount of Cement for Wall 
Could you inform me how many bags 
or barrels of cement it will require for 
an eight-inch foundation wall to a 
story dwelling 24x32 feet? Wall to be 
seven feet high. How many yards of 
sand will be required for above wall? 
Somerville, Mass. j. E. M. 
The amount of materials required for 
ory basement wall depends, of course, 
upon the proportions used. A standard 
mixture for such a wall is 1 : 2^/^ : 5 
and there are approximately 20 cu. yards 
of material in the wall that you describe. 
According to tables furnished by cement 
manufacturers, one cu. yd. of concrete, 
mixed in the above proportion, requires 
1.29 barrels of cement; 3.23 barrels of 
sand and G.45 barrels of gravel or bro¬ 
ken stone. Multiplying these figures by 
20 we get 2.5.8 barrels of cement; 64.6 
barrels of sand and 128 barrels of gravel. 
M. B. D. 
Farm Sanitation 
I am very much interested in thi.s 
subject. I believe that the indoor clo.set 
and bath is within the reach and means 
of every farmer, if. That is a big word 
—it means so much or so little. The 
septic tank is the ideal way of disposing 
of the sewage on a farm. It is safe, san¬ 
itary, and not expensive, especially if the 
man of the home is a “handy man.” 
You can get a good closet outfit, bath, 
tub and lavatory, for from .836 to .850. 
The cement tank, soil pipe and drainage 
tile would cost from .810 to .815 more, 
according to size and location. Oue does 
not need to have ruuning water in the 
house to flush the closet tank; other 
ways I know of, than running water, are 
a wooden paint iiail arranged to catch 
tfie drip from the cistern pump; it is 
on a level with the closet tank; another 
a small overhead tank filled by a force 
pump, and a small overhead cistern 
catching part of the water that comes 
from the roof. 
The septic tank is a cement box. For 
family of six it should be three feet wide, 
three feet deep and six feet long, adding 
one foot length for each extra person. 
The walls should be eight inches thick 
and the cover reinforced. The inlet pipe 
should be in the middle of one end and 
have an elbow to deflect the sewage 
downward; the outlet 12 iuchos from the 
top of the opposite end. More informa¬ 
tion regarding the septic tank can he had 
by writing the New York State Depart¬ 
ment of Agriculture for pamphlet by E. 
M. Santee. 
Do the men of the farm hesitate to 
buy a farm implement that they need and, 
like the mowing machine and corn hinder 
and reaper, use only a few weeks during 
the year? The two last named cost over 
$100 apiece. Instead of thinking of con¬ 
serving farm propert.v, think of conserv¬ 
ing the farm wife. The farm wife as a 
rule has too little done for her comfort. 
If she has a bread mixer and a washing 
machine her husband thinks he has done 
well by her. I know a woman who for 
20 years lugged water up hill many times 
a day, but when she was taken sick aud 
her husband had to do it, he very soon 
had the water piped to the house, and it 
all cost $5. My good man, stop a while 
in your hurry towards success and see 
if there is not something you can do for 
your wife to help^ her in her work and 
make life easier for her; take my word 
she will appreciate it. S. M. h. b. 
Experiences With Chimneys 
In answer to C. Y. R. G.'s inquiry about 
making old chimneys fireproof, we have 
a chimney that we thought was not fire¬ 
proof. We bought cheap stove pipe, 7i/^- 
inch size, and lowered same dow’n the 
chimney, then we made a mixture of one 
part cement to two of coarse building 
sand, although I think one to three would 
have been just as strong, and poured 
the mixture down the chimney around the 
pipe. After pouring four pails of cement 
we waited until it settled, then poured 
in more. After each four pails pushed 
a rod down to make sure that the mix¬ 
ture had run down and not lodged half 
way Have the mixture thin enough so 
it will run down easily. JOHN IIASS. 
Massachusetts. 
To lessen danger from chimney fires 
we had onr chimneys, in the garret where 
the greatest danger is, plastered with ce¬ 
ment mortar, and as far down the flues 
as onejeould reach. Our house was built 
in 1655, and the bricks were laid up in 
clay cement. f. b. 
Massachusetts. 
The following may be of help to C. 
V. R._ G., page 157.3, in repairing an 
old chimney. He can procure either gal¬ 
vanized or heavy tin pipe or light sheet- 
iron pipe of the size his old chimney 
flue will admit, extending it down from 
the top, connecting the lengths as he 
proceeds, until the bottom is reached. 
Mix a very thin mortar of lime, sand and 
cement and pour it in the space leR be¬ 
tween the pipe and the brick. This when 
well hardened will make an absolutely 
tight chimney if the mortar is of the 
right proportion, so as to settle in a 
compact mass. This has proven very ef¬ 
fective in an old leaky stone chimney. 
Of course in a small chinnvey where the 
flue is too small to admit a six-inch pipe, 
or larger, this would probably not an¬ 
swer. But an absolutely tight chim¬ 
ney with a six-inch flue is far more effec¬ 
tive than a leaky flue of eight or 10-inch 
diameter. w. B. castle. 
New York. 
It has been my experience that where 
there i.s a good free passage of sufficient 
size from stove To top of chimney there 
has been no trouble provided the pipe 
lengths are good and fit perfectly tight 
at joints aud chimney hole, and chimney 
is all right. There should not be any 
obstruction in pipe or chimney, such as 
damper or drum, or anything that will 
prevent free draft from stove to top of 
chimney. Nor any side drafts, such as 
are caused by nail, damper or luist holes 
or pipe lengths that do not fit perfectly 
at joints or at chimney hole. The above 
refers to a cook stove and not a heating 
stove, which has more draft. 
Michigan. norman t. holmes. 
I am the owner of some tenant houses, 
imost of which were built years ago. I 
inspected them from garret to cellar and 
found all the chimneys in bad order. 
We rebuilt over .30 chimney.s, taking 
them down a little below the level of 
the garret floor. They were built inside 
the hoinses with soft brick, as was cus¬ 
tomary iu those day.s, and while they 
would staud with a wood lire, the coal 
gas has eaten them out. Since they 
were rebuilt with good hard brick, we 
have had no trouble. I think you will 
find that in all houses built before 1880, 
soft brick was used all the W’ay, except 
above the roof. This portion of the 
chimney in the attic was .seldom plast¬ 
ered. cither inside or out, and when the 
oecujiants of the house began to burn 
coal after the wood became more ex- 
jiensive, the chimneys rapidly went to 
pieces. In a general overhauling of the 
houses, wliich I have had to do occa¬ 
sionally, I have rebuilt the chimneys 
clear to the cellai’. Very few houses 
have a clean-out hole in the chimney 
and as a result, the chimney becomes 
clogged with soot clear to the fir.st stove¬ 
pipe hole. After this sucks through tlie 
brick the wall; per comes loo.se and la¬ 
ter the plaster. T^rge that people who 
build chimneys should start them in the 
cellar with a good clean-out hole there, 
and so .save themselves and future own- 
er.s' of the property much trouble. I 
have not had inueh experience with the 
flue linings which are made of fire clay 
and come in various sizes and lengths, 
the same as terra-cotta pipe, and both 
round and square, but I believe they ai’e 
good and worth their co.st in safeguard¬ 
ing against fire. jerseyman. 
I notice a reader wishes to know what 
can ho clone for a chimney where the 
mortar liad given out without tearing it 
down and building it over again. I had 
a chimney two years ago in about the 
same condition, which I think was caused 
by the severe colcl weather which ' made 
the chimney sweat and frost to collect 
on it, cau.sing the nmrtar to crumble and 
work out in the attic between roof and 
room below. 'riiis chimney was built 
about 50 years ago with common lime 
mortar. The way I fixed this I had a 
mason plaster on the whole chimuc'y in 
the attic (after sweeping all loose sane! 
from the cracks between the bricks) a 
coat of Portland cement, one part ce¬ 
ment to two of sand, about one-half or 
three-quarters inch thick This made' a 
jacket completely around the chimney, 
which has stood all right for two yeai-s, 
and I think will he good for a long while 
yet. but I am going to keep watch of it 
every Spring after freezing weather is 
over to see if it stays on all right. The 
cement should not be put on in freez¬ 
ing weather as freezing before it dries 
out will make any mortar crumble. 
Owego, N. Y. G. B. T. 
LYSAxnEK. a New York State farm 
hand, was telling hi.s troubles to a neigh¬ 
bor. and among other things said that 
the wife of the farmer who employed 
him was “too darned close for any u.«e.” 
“This very morning,” .said he. "she said 
to me: ‘Lysander, do you know bow 
many pancakes you have et this morn- 
in’?’ I said ‘No, ma’am. I ain’t had no 
occasion to count ’em.’ ‘Well,’ says she, 
‘that last oue was the twenty-sixth.’ 
And it made me so dodgasted mad I jest 
got up frum the table and went to work 
without my breakfast.”—Everybody’s 
Magazine. 
