210 
"Uhe RURAL N E W-Y O R K E R 
February 10, 1917. 
MorePowcr 
y Cheaper Operation 
ffiConslant Service 
Power depends on piston rings—so do fuel and 
oil consumption—so does regular service. 
Therefore—when you find power falling off, com¬ 
pression weak, gasoline waste, carbon trouble—you 
should put in a complete set of the Genuine 
McQUAY-NORRIS 
PISTON RINGS 
Always gas and oil-tight; give more power with 
less fuel and oil; reduce carbon; cause minimum 
friction and cylinder wear. Strong, long-wearing; 
ever-efficient. r There are imitations and substitutes. 
Be sure you get only the Genuine McQuay-Norrla 
\g/vv^- \5ooF Piston Rings. 
All garage and repairmen can give you immediate service on 
them. If you nave any dif&culty getting them, write us. 
We'll see you arc supplied. 
Send for Free Booklet 
*JTo Have and to Hold Power” — the standard 
handbook on gas engine compression. Every farmer 
who runs an automobile, engine, tractor, etc., ought 
to have it. 
' Manufactured by 
-3 h'^cQuay-Norrls Mfg. Co. 
2878Eocust St. St. Louis, Mo. 
30F 
imm 
Farm, Garden and Orchard Tools 
Answer the farmer’s big questions; 
How can I grow more crops with 
least expense? How can I cultivate 
more acres and have cleaner fields? 
IRON AGEor 
will help you do this. Has pivot wheels and gangs 
with parallel motion. Adjustable to any width 
of row. Every tooth canbe raised, lowered or turned 
to right or left. Lover 
adjusts balance of frame 
to weight of driver. 
Light, strong and com¬ 
pact—the latest and best 
of riding cultivators. Wo 
make a complete line of 
potiito nachinery,garden 
tools, etc. Write us to¬ 
day for free booklet. 
I Bateman M’f’gCo.,Box 2D .Grenloch, N.J. 
NO. 78 
This is the Year to 
HOME-MIX 
YOUR FERTILIZER! 
Don’t pay freight on useless filler. 
Write for Free information and prices 
NITRATE of SODA 
ACID PHOSPHATE 
TANKAGE, BONE, BLOOD 
INSECTICIDES and FUNGICIDES 
Freight congestion—Order early 
NITRATE AGENCIES COMPANY 
106 Pearl Street, New York City 
1862 
1917 
Bradley’s 
STANDARD 
Fertilizers 
T hese celebrated fer¬ 
tilizers are the concen¬ 
trates of plant feeding as 
cotton-seed meal, alfalfa meal etc., 
are the concentrates of animal feed¬ 
ing. And they pay as well, too. 
Crops grown on Bradley’s the 
past season have held up to the 
usual high standard. The brands 
offered this season can be depended 
upon as they always have for the 
past fifty-five years to produce 
maximum 
RESULTS IN THE FIELD 
Agents and Dealers wanted. 
Ask for Prices and Terms. 
The American Agricultural Chemical Co. 
92 State St., Boston. 2 Rector St., New York. Philadelphia, 
Baltimore, Buffalo, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Detroit. 27 
Farm Mechanics 
Draining Hogpen 
I have been in the hog business four 
years. I.ast year I had brood sows, 
and saved 205 pigs. My hoghouse is 04 
feet long and 24 feet wide. It stands 
north and .south. The pens are eight feet 
wide. 
Starting .seven feet from the north end 
ive drew a line and dug a ti-ench 12 inches 
deej) and 12 inches wide Then we put in 
a two-inch coat of cement, set up two 
planks 12 inches wide, four-inch block be¬ 
tween, and filled with cement even with 
the plank. We put 12-inch plank on the 
drain and cemented even with plank to 
the north, with four-inch rise so as to 
drain to the gutter. Pen No. 2 drains to 
the same gutter. When the cement was 
set all planking was removed, and start¬ 
ing at the east side filled in 10 inches and 
cents a mile coming an! going, but with 
steady day work six days a week could do 
better than that, eight cents a mile. We 
figure costs at five cents a mile, counting 
everything. This, of course, is on good, 
smooth stone roads, of which we are 
plentifully supplied down here. In Ken¬ 
tucky if your roads are clay dirt the cost 
must he greater. We know of a type of 
truck which will carry almost any load a 
truck farmer cares to carry up to one and 
a quarter tons. This is a chain drive, 
average IS miles an hour at about average 
gross cost of 01 /^ to seven cents a mile. 
This truck we have had two years, and 
this is as low as we can figure, but do not 
forget that the roads are a prime factor in 
the cost of running. c. E. DoruTFiUE. 
INIassachusetts. 
The first load of live stock that was 
ever hauled to the Indianapolis stock 
yards was by a truck purcJia.sed by a 
neighbor near here,_and since that time 
a great number of motor trucks have come 
into use, especially for the transportation 
ank 
Tank. 
7 
I h 
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H 
A- 
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\ 
.<7 
1C 
.Trough is under partition. 
|X| 
= 3 
a> rj 
u-“ 5 
g § ■S 
o c 
c- 4> S 
V- > •3 
O *0 
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o 
(D 
Diagram of Hogpen With Drainage System 
sloped at the outlet down to one inch. 
The drain in alley is covered with phiuk 
eight feet long. The alley is six feet wide, 
so the plank extends one foot into pen on 
each side. The plank in alley is left in. 
To make the drain covers for pens we 
put slats on three inches wide, as shown, 
and on these were fastened the cover, 
strips, which were two pieces five inches 
wide with narrow opening between for 
liquid to run through. The covers can be 
taken up and drain cleaned every two or 
three weeks. 
The diagram shows the general plan of 
building and drain gutters with outlets 
running into two tanks on the west side. 
B. 
Charges for Farm Motor Trucks 
Some of your readers probably own au¬ 
tomobile ti’ucks, and haul produce Iroin 
the farm to the city for their neighbors 20 
or 25 mile.s. It would be a favor to me if 
they would, through your paper, give 
some information on what kind of charges 
they make. grant gilpin. 
Kentucky. 
In regard to motor trucks for sendee 
will .say that I have hired one with driver 
at .151.25 per hour, and it hac proven very 
sati.sfactory. chas. hanson. 
Michigan. 
I have a one-ton truck which I use pri¬ 
marily for my own transportation prob¬ 
lems. This size truck is not large enough 
for anyone going into the trucking busi¬ 
ness I am 25 miles from Boston, and 
carry perishable fruit to Boston at the 
present rates of expre.ss company. This 
may seem unreasonable to some, but not 
when you consider, as in the case of 
peaches, only one handling is necessary, 
and the finit is on the market before 5 
a. m., when it can command the highest 
prices, there are no broken or damaged 
crates or fruit to cause low returns. 
Everyone knows how the express com¬ 
panies have driven producers from healthy 
growth by their carelessness in handling 
shipments Four years ago we in this dis¬ 
trict received better treatment, and the 
express rate was 14c per Georgia carrier. 
Now it is 22c, and the crates are all 
smashed up in transit. Outside of small 
hauling I charge $15 to take a load of 
goods to Boston, a one-way trip. Usually 
the return I only charge enough to pay 
my running expenses. I figure $5 for a 
25-mile run, and this covers every charge 
against the machine. I run my own ma¬ 
chine and repairs are few and made at 
home. One cannot afford to use his truck 
for hauling for others when he has a big 
farm to run, unless he cares to make it 
business and hires a driver. In such a 
case the operating expense would mount 
rapidly. B. B. hall. 
Massachusetts. 
We have hired out our truck, carrying 
half a ton or less, in a jobbing way for 10 
of live stock to the yards, the number in- 
crea.siug rapidly iu the past year. To-day 
it is uothii g uncommon to see 30 or more 
motor truexs in one moraing at the yards, 
varying from tlie trailer, to tho.se of {5,000 
to 7,000 pounds capacity. We are 25 
miles from the Indauapolis yards, and 
seven to 10 miles from railroad stations, 
and the custom of former years was to 
haul the hogs and sheep to the yards in 
wagons. The average load was 10 200- 
pound hogs, and a day aud uight were 
consumed in making the trip. Today the 
ton truck takes the same load in ‘ZYa 
hours, returning iu a little less time, at a 
cost of $ 6 , and in some cases .$7. The 
truck that takes out 10 to 18 hogs of a 
similar size, charges $8.50, and the large 
ones of three tons’ caymeity take out 30 
hogs of similar size at $12 per load. Usu¬ 
ally, piece loads are aharged tlie same 
price, therefore, farmers have been eager 
to sydiee up loads with a ueighbo,.', and 
this is usually done. 
Most of these trucks are owned by mer¬ 
chants who own a general store, not near 
a railroad, and are used one day in the 
w’cek to transport their produce to In¬ 
dianapolis, bringing back the neces.sary 
supy)lies for the store. In a aumber of in¬ 
stances trucks are run by some one em¬ 
ployed by the merchant. Then there are 
some trucks owned by men who make a 
business of custom hauling. 
There are no small trucks, hauling pro¬ 
duce only, so far as I know, but many 
farmers run into Indianapolis in their 
touring cars with small lots of produce. 
All things considered, the large truck ay>- 
parently makes the cheai)e.st transporta¬ 
tion rate, and apparently, the nyjkeep is 
proportionately less on the large truck 
than the smaller one, yet these large 
trucks can only operate on the best of 
roads with safety, while the smaller ones 
go almost anywhere. We figure approx¬ 
imately 50 cents per head on the trans¬ 
portation of full-sized hogs to the m.orket 
25 miles away, and the great advantage 
in handling them by truck is the extreme¬ 
ly small shrinkage in transit. 
OMEB R. ABRAHAM. 
Morgan County, Ind. 
These figures have been verified by the 
writer, in two years of hatiling goods 
to market, 22 and 50 miles distant each 
way. Crops were a light load per unit of 
value, mainly berries. The basis of all 
factors to be considered is the actual cost 
per mile of trucking, and it will vary with 
such conditions as roads, efficiency of ma¬ 
chine, and the efficiency of the driver. 
Conditions as enumerated are for New 
.Tersey, and we assume our total_ mileage 
during our marketing season is 3,000 
miles, which gives one quite a number of 
trips to market for seasons as ours. 
Expenses per year are, with no insur¬ 
ance, interest at 6 per cent., $24 on cost 
of vehicle, costing in this case, $400; 
licenses, driver and car, $9.50, and depre¬ 
ciations at 15 per cent., $60; for we can¬ 
not let an auto depreciate at 10 per cent., 
also a higher priced truck depreciates a 
greater percentage, but we would expect 
