■Uhe RURAL NEW-YORKER 
287 
RURALISMS 
Sunscald Upon Apples 
At harvest time in the Fall apple 
growers may find a number of speci¬ 
mens upon the trees that appear to have 
scordhed or burned spots upon them. 
These spots sometimes appear as light 
colored areas -with a slight tinge of 
brown about the edges. In very mild 
cases these spots may appear as slightly 
browned areas upon red apples. In se¬ 
vere cases the skin of the fruit may be 
roughened. Such apples have been in¬ 
ference in the yield between the large 
and small seed; have also seen it tried 
once by a neighbor with the same re¬ 
sults. Some of this seed was too small 
to go in with the “seconds.” These very 
small potatoes were planted whole. The 
seconds were cut in two or three pieces 
according to size. In ordinary times it 
would seem that it would not be wise 
(from a theoretical standpoint at least) 
to make a practice of using small seed. 
But at a time like this, when potatoes 
are so very high, we believe it will be 
a paying proposition^ to use the smaller 
potatoes for seed. ' We intend to use our 
small potatoes this coming season for 
the late crop, and feel we shall be gain¬ 
ing by so doing. We intend to use a 
fair-sized seed piece (the smaller ones 
being planted whole) and for one year 
The Effects of Sunscald Upon Applet 
jured by sunsCald during the Summer. 
In severe cases sunscald may be .so se¬ 
vere as to cause considerable areas upon 
the small green apples to turn brown and 
decay within a short time. In fact it is 
generally the slightly burned specimens 
that remain upon the tree until maturity. 
Specimens which are slightly affected 
have a characteristic greenish white spot 
where the injury occurs. 
Sunscald upon apples is likely to oc¬ 
cur during periods of drought in Sum¬ 
mer, If the moisture in the soil is so 
deficient as to cause wilting of the fol¬ 
iage upon the trees during hot bright 
days, some sunburning or scalding of 
the fruit is almost certain to occur. It 
is especially serious upon shallow soil 
and in the case of .shallow-rooted trees. 
Dwarf apples not infrequently experience 
such injury since their root system is 
shallow and relatively limited. To pre¬ 
vent such injuries, deep, well-drained 
soils should be selected for the culture 
of apples and a system of thoroiigh cul¬ 
ture should be maintained from early 
in the Spring until about August first. 
The more .shallow the soil and the drier 
the season, the more imi)ortant it is to 
maintain a good soil mulch in the or¬ 
chard by frequent culture. 
Jt. A. BLAKE. 
Norway Spruce for Wind-break 
I would like to set out an evergreen 
hedge as a wind-break around my barn¬ 
yard this Spring. Will you give me in¬ 
formation how to fit the soil and how far 
apart to plant? What kind of trees 
would be the Ix^st for such a hedge? 
Xewfield, N. Y. j. N. 
For your latitude, the Norway spruc‘e 
will probably be the best for this pur- 
po.se. This evergreen is very hardy, a 
fairly rapid grower and makes a most ex¬ 
cellent wind-break either in hedge or when 
planted in large clumps. For trees three 
to four feet high a trench two feet wide 
should he opened. Throw all the top soil 
out, then put in the trench well-rotted 
stable manure to a depth of a couple of 
inches, and spade it into the subsoil as 
deei)ly as possible, mixing it well with the 
subsoil. After the manure has been 
spaded in the full length of the trench 
go through it from end to end and tramp 
the subsoil down with the feet until it is 
just moderately firm. This is done to 
prevent settling after the trees are 
planted. Now fill in enough of the toi) 
soil to make the trench the proper depth 
for planting, mixing a liberal quantity of 
raw bone meal with the soil as it is put in ! 
the trench. The trees may be planted .^0 j 
to £30 inches apart, according to how j 
dense a hedge may be desired. K. j 
Small Potatoes for Seed 
We grow very few early white pota¬ 
toes. and have never tried small seed 
for that crop. For the late crop though 
(Hoosiers and Red Skins) we have tried 
small seed on two occasions and did not 
on either occasion see a particle of dif¬ 
at least we do not believe there will be 
any falling off in the yield. 
New Jer.sey. tkucker, jr. 
In my opinion, advi.sability of using 
small potato seed depends upon its 
source. For my commercial seed crop 
I plant only selects as to size and type, 
and so far as possible from crop seeded 
from special breeding, and I have many 
satisfied customers for the thirds, tubers 
to three ounce.s. I have my.self 
grown successful crops from the culls, 
tubers of still smaller size, in one in¬ 
stance nearly 70 bushels from one bushel 
seed of tubers averaging probably less 
than one-quarter ounce. I am almost 
ready to say that for table crop plant¬ 
ing I w'ould prefer the small seed, and 
this on the score of economy, less quan¬ 
tity ll•<Mluirod and its less value per 
bushel. 
The grower who plants from an un¬ 
healthy crop or an unseen crop or the 
crop of an unknown grower, or grower 
of unknown integrity is taking a long 
chance, and, under the.se same circum- 
.stance.s, use of the small seed, refuse of 
the bin, becomes an entirely different 
proposition and I think should be dis¬ 
couraged. If there are run out, or weak, 
or unhealthy, or diseased plants in the 
field you get practically their entire pro¬ 
duct in the small grade, while in the large 
grade j’ou stand a chance of getting the 
product of best yielding healthiest plants. 
New York. e. a. hill. 
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