RURAL NEW-YORKER 
319 
Paul Thayer, of the Ohio Experiment 
Station, has collected the available infor¬ 
mation about grafting and put it together 
in an excellent volume. This has not 
been published, but it seems to us the best 
thing of the sort ever compiled. The 
notes and pictures here shown are takeii 
from it. 
Mice and j’abbits often damage fruit 
trees which have been left in AVinter with 
A Cleft Root Graft 
unprotected trunks. Most of these trees 
may be saved by bridge grafting, which 
bridges over the wounded surface with 
twigs cut the proper length and inserted 
so as to make connection with the live 
bark above and below the wound. A tree 
saved in this way is shown on page <112, 
Koot grafts are usually made indoors 
during AVinter. and are the only grafts so 
made. This is the principal method of 
Examples of Root Grafting 
propagating the apple and pear. The 
Seedlings, one or two years old. and one- 
fourth to five-eighths inch in diameter, 
are dug in Fall and stored. The tops are 
cut from the seedlings and either the en¬ 
tire root is used as a stock, or the root 
is cut in sections and each section used 
as a stock. The whip or splice graft is 
generally used. Examples of root graft¬ 
ing are shown herewith. 
The cleft root-graft system shown is 
Sometimes used, but this is not common 
practice. 
In top-working large stocks the kerf- 
graft is sometimes used. This avoids 
splitting the stock, so that the Avound 
heals more quickly and there is less dan¬ 
ger of dt'cay in the stock. The limb is 
cut off as for cleft-grafting, but not split. 
A kerf is sawed in the stock in a slant¬ 
ing direction from the base upward. This 
is smoothed with a sharp knife and the 
scion inserted as for cleft-grafting, ex¬ 
cept that in place of the released spring 
of limb holding scion in place, it is 
tapped down gently with a mallet. 
The whip-graft is one of the most com¬ 
mon forms of top-working. The stock 
and scion must be of approximately the 
same diameter. The union is made by 
cutting both stock and scion with a long 
bevel, and applying the two surfaces to 
each other so that the inner bark coin¬ 
cides in as many places as possible. A 
tongue is sometimes cut in both stock and 
scion, to help hold the two together and 
make a greater joining surface. The 
graft is then wrapped in waxed cloth. 
Blackberries : Cabbage; Pears 
1. AA^iat variety of blackberries are the 
best to set for commercial purposes? I 
want quality, so customers will come 
back for more. Are blackberries a money¬ 
making crop, and hoAV many quarts per 
acre should they produce? AA^'liat kind of 
soil is best for them? 2. What variety of 
late cabbage is considered the best for 
market? I wish to set out some Seckel 
pear trees. AA'ould you advise setting out 
a pear that was a better gorwer and then 
graft to Seckel? p. l. g. 
Odessa, N. Y. 
1. We have not grown blackberries in 
several years and some varieties have 
been strongly advertised since we quit. 
Snyder Avas the variety Ave grcAV most. 
It is a fairly hardy plant and the ber¬ 
ries are of good quality. Taylor proved 
not hardy at I^tica. N. Y. I haA'e neA'er 
been at Odessa, but a study of the topo¬ 
graphic map suggests that there may oe 
so great a variation in local climate 
that no one Avould be safe in recommend¬ 
ing varieties Avithout a better knoAAdedge 
of exact conditions Avhere‘the planting is 
to be done. The best Avay Avould be to 
go to the catalogues of a feAv reputable 
nurseries and pick out varieties that are 
commended by all. Test them out care¬ 
fully at home and stick to those found 
best. _^The question of Avhether any crop 
is a money-maker or not iinmlves much 
that cannot be found out at a distance. 
The three main factors are cost of pro¬ 
duction, cost of marketing and price re¬ 
ceived. I had intended to include as a 
fourth, personality of the groAver. but 
that is not separable from cost of pro¬ 
duction. If the Avork is done at the 
right time blackberries do not require 
an excessive amount of hand labor, but 
Avhat is required is very far from pleas- 
-Infilluitrue vaiititil'S ri?(JlIU 
kinds of soil and kinds can be found 
Avhich AA'ill do Avell from rather light to 
fairly heaA’y soils. The rows should not 
be nearer together than about tA\-o to the 
rod. At this distance ,‘1.000 to 4,000 
quarts per acre should be picked. In 
some years this may be improved. After 
the fruit has been produced there comes 
the question of market. They may be 
sold locally, shipped to some larger city 
for commission sale or sent to a cannery. 
TYiless berries can be grown on a seaie 
Avhich Avill produce carload lots it is .sel¬ 
dom profitable to ship them far for com- 
mi.ssion sale. 
2. Danish cabbage is practically the 
only one groAvn in this .section for late 
sale. This Avould inicate that it is the 
most jirofitable. Red or purple cabbage 
is good property some years but mo.st 
groAvers consider that the demand for it 
is so small that there is great danger of 
groAving too much. 
P>. I should never set pear trees with 
the intention of budding or grafting 
them to another variety. I do not know 
of any case Avhere this has been really 
successful. A feAA' Sheldon trees on this 
place have been top-Avorked to other va¬ 
rieties Avith fair success, but some Kief- 
fer treated the same Avay are gone. In 
either case it is likely that better trees 
Avould have been produced as soon by 
setting out good nursery stock. 
AI.FUED C. AVEED. 
The Delicious Apple. If 
you have ever seen this 
beautiful apple, caught its 
fragrant aroma and tasted its 
juicy, crisp, delightful flavor, 
you know why it sells at an 
average of $1.00 or more per 
box than any other apple. 
The Delicious thrives every¬ 
where apples grow. 
William P. Stark^s 
New Fruit Book—FREE 
Complete, Concise and Up-to-Date 
This new 1917 catalog is bigger and better 
than ever. It contains new information never 
printed before. It lists the varieties whose Avorth 
has been proved by actual experience. It tells 
size, color and cjuality of fruit; growing habits, 
hardiness; to what sections and soils each variety 
is best adapted; picking, ripening and storage 
dates; number of trees and plants to acre; how 
to pay for orchard with fillers, etc., etc. You can 
find what you Avant easily and quickl}^—prices are 
given in plain figures. Home groAvers, farmers, 
successful orchardists and horticultural experts— 
all find our catalogs of unusual value. 
Read What Experts Say 
Wl LU AM I^StARK 
'Guaranteed^ 
Trees&Plants 
(§0 w ; 
The J. H. Hale Peach. 
This great peach combines 
to a surprising degree the 
good qualities of all fine 
peaches. It was tested for 
years by Mr. Hale before he 
was satisfied to give it his 
name. It has always brought 
the highest prices on the 
market. A measured acre 
brought Mr. Hale $1,420. 
Read Mr. Hale’s own story 
in our catalog. Read the 
reports of growers who have 
investigated, planted, tested 
and fruited it in practically 
every peach growing section. 
The genuine, registered 
trademark J. H. Hale peach 
trees can be secured only 
from tbe William P, Stark 
Nurseries. 
“As usual, you have got¬ 
ten out, what is, to my mind, 
one of the best catalogs of 
any business firm with which 
I am acquainted. It con¬ 
tains a deal of materia! 
which is of practical interest 
to any horticulturist.’’—J. C. 
Whitten, Professor of Horti¬ 
culture, University of Mis¬ 
souri. ^ 
“I have your 1914 catalog 
in my fruit library, and 
would not give it up for 
$1.00. It’s chuck full of 
up-to-date information such 
as I need.”—Ambrose J. 
Moyer, Hamburg, Pa. 
“The most complete, most 
attractively arranged for 
purposes of information and 
most effectively illustrated of 
any nursery catalogs we 
have seen. The Avhole idea 
of the production is service.” 
—From The American Nur¬ 
seryman, November, 1916. 
“Your list contains prac¬ 
tically all the varieties that 
have proven their worth. 
Your descriptions of vari¬ 
eties are the most accurate 
and complete of any I have 
so far seen.”—Joseph Ge- 
rardi, Jerseyville, Ill. 
“Last spring I could have 
saved half on a $12.90 order, 
if I had not ordered before 
I received your catalog.”— 
Ed Miller, Ava, Mo. 
First-Class Trees Are the 
Best Investment 
Successful commercial growers insist on qual¬ 
ity first of all. Our hardy, vigorous, healthy trees, 
Avith unusually heavy roots, have pleased experi¬ 
enced orchardists in every section. 
“I had the pleasure of placing an order last 
fall Avith The Wm. P. Stark Nurseries for over 
1,100 trees. Their trees are well rooted, grown 
in fresh new soil, and absolutely free from dis¬ 
ease so far as I could observe. Every man about 
the place seemed to be qualified to handle his 
department in a practical and scientific way and 
a man cannot go wrong in placing his order with 
this firm.”—Joseph Weston, Belton, Missouri. 
Inside Facts of Profitable Fruit Growing 
Tells how to 
p la n t , prune, 
spray, cultivate, 
dynamite; about 
cover crops, 
thinning fruit, 
why trees do 
not bear, etc., 
88 pages illus¬ 
trated. Price, 
10c. Money back 
if not satisfied. 
"Just the advice 
and information 
I have been hunt¬ 
ing for, but knew not where to 
find.”— Ivan White, Kansas. 
'Send me 12 copies for my fore¬ 
men in charge of my various 
orchards,”—Sen. H. M. Dunlap, 
Illinois. 
How to Beautify Your Home Grounds 
Many a farm 
has brought a 
higher price 
than its intrin¬ 
sic value mer¬ 
ited, because the 
owner had spent 
a little money 
and time plant- 
. i n g trees, 
shrubs, etc. You 
can make your 
place more at¬ 
tractive with 
little expense and 
trouble. This book makes it sim¬ 
ple and easy. Price lOc. Money 
back if not satisfied. 
Pick Strawberries Until Frost 
Comes. From Plants You Set 
Out This Spring. 
These wonderful ever- 
bearing plants produce a 
good crop in the fall of the 
same year they are set out. 
The next year they bear a 
large crop early in the sea¬ 
son, and another big crop in 
the fall, but under favorable 
conditions, they produce 
fruit all summer long. 
Make a good profit on 
ever - bearing strawberries 
wlien there are no other 
small fruits. 
We Sell Direct-From-Nursery Only 
We have no agents, but eliminate agents’ commissions and many causes 
for dissatisfaction, such as mixing labels, delay's in delit'crv, misrepre¬ 
sentation, etc. We not only specifically guarantee true-to-name and 
safe arrival, butAv^e also assure your satisfaction Avith anything you 
buy from us. Our responsibility is not second-hand. / 
i/ 
/ ‘.'■V 
To secure reliable information, high quality, and safe de- 
livery at reasonable prices, buy direct from our catalog. 
Wm. P. Stark Nurseries 
Box 445 
Address and Name Are Both the Same 
KO 
■'A^> 
o6,’ 
