Oic RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Contagious 
Abortion 
Appears in Highly Bred Herds 
of Dadry Cattle 
The intense breeding and milking 
strain such cows are under makes 
them especially susceptible to this in¬ 
fection in its most dangerous form. 
Careful breeders take no chances, 
as they know that in the past when 
Abortion has become prevalent in any 
herd it has taken years to stamp it out. 
Research men of the U. S. Govern¬ 
ment and other institutions assert 
that there is no absolute Abortion 
“cure,” but that it can be controlled 
so that the loss of calves is stopped. 
No serum or vaccine has been found 
that gives any protection. These au¬ 
thorities all recommend that a thor¬ 
ough system of sanitation be followed 
on every farm, including treatment of 
bull, cows, calves and buildings. This 
is the only certain means of control¬ 
ling and preventing Abortion—Steril- 
—I’remature Birth—Retained Af¬ 
terbirth in cows and White Scours in 
calves. These all seem to be symp¬ 
toms showing the presence of Abor¬ 
tion germs. 
Tn the case of Abortion itself the 
germs inhabit and develop in the al¬ 
buminous matter in the vagina and 
uterus. Used as an injection, the 
germicide Bacili-Kil (commonly called 
B-K) dissolves the albumen, cleanses 
the tissues and destroys the germs. 
B-K does not irritate, but is soothing 
and healing to torn membranes, and 
does not cause straining. Other sub¬ 
stances such as carbolic acid, cresol, 
iodine, etc., are more or less irritating, 
do not dissolve albumins, but tend to 
coagulate or thicken them, thereby 
preventing destruction of the germs 
and thorough cleansing of the infected 
tissues. 
B-K is a powerful gl-rm-killer. Its 
remarkable germ-killing strength is 
jdainly marked and guaranteed on 
every package. B-K contains no poi¬ 
son, acid nor oil—it is clear and clean 
as water and as easy to use. B-K 
may be used freely in the drinking 
water, helping to destroy the germs 
which accumulate in the tanks; also 
helping to disinfect mouths, throats, 
and digestive tracts. 
B-K is handy. You have in one 
jug, all ready for use by simply mix¬ 
ing with water, your treatment for 
calves, cows and bulls; also the best 
disinfectant you can possiblj^ have for 
general use—no special mixing of 
various ingredients—saves trouble 
and mistakes—insures promptness, 
accuracy, convenience and successful 
results. 
Contagious abortion is being suc¬ 
cessfully controlled in many herds by 
following our simple plan with B-K. 
One man writers; “I have been using 
B-K according to directions and the 
results have been very gratifying. My 
cows have every one passed the time 
for aborting and are calving all right 
in a natural wa}". I had lost $1,500.00 
on my cows and feel that B-K has 
cleaned up the trouble entirely.” 
B-K is sold by dairy and farm sup¬ 
ply houses, druggists, general stores, 
etc., everywhere. If your dealer does 
not have it, send us his name. 
Send for the “evidence” and these 
interesting, useful booklets founded 
cui practical farm experiences. 
K"} Contagious Abortion 
DUlieun no. DL Prevention and Control 
Bulletin No. 136 
Calf Scours— 
How to Save 
Every Calf 
CLEAR and CLEAN as WATER 
Awarded Gold Medal at the Pan. -Pac. -Expo, 
GENERAL LABORATORIES 
2700 So. Dickinson St., Madison, Wis. 
• iP-K • fi’K • .P-K • • P-K 
Fertilizing Mulched Hill Orchards 
f'ROP FAll.rftF.S. —In 1f*0f» F. IT. Bal- 
Inii. jissistant hortieulturist. was .sent by 
the f)hio Experiment Station to study ap- 
jde orchard conditions in Southern Ohio. 
Spraying had been indifferently done, in 
nK>st cast*H. and yielded contradictory rc- 
snlt. s. It soon beeaine evident that the 
results were not governed altogether by 
the care with which the work was done. 
In some cases there were crop failures 
even though in.sects .and fungi were con¬ 
trolled. The lack of fertility was so evi¬ 
dent in .some orcbaials th.at fertility 
experiments were soon started. A very 
weak growth, with yellowish foliage; 
blos.som buds without accomitaying fruit, 
was an almost general condition. I^snally 
there was a setting of fruit, most of 
which dropped vhen small, at about the 
right time to he designated as the “.lune 
drop.” The oi’chards were in grass, the 
weak growth of Avhich. and the presence 
of weedy plants, gave .additional evi¬ 
dence that the trees were starving. 
Appi.yixg Fertii.ity. —Nitrate of 
soda, at the rate of five i)ounds per tree, 
or about 200 pounds per acre, applied 
early in May, gave the expected results 
of healthy foliage and greatly increased 
growth. Where it was used, there was 
a greater development of fruit buds, 
both in size and numbers. Moreoveia 
the premature dropping of the apples 
was stoppe<l and the tree.s gave good 
croiis of fruit the .same season of ap¬ 
plication. The same is not true of late 
itpplication.s. except as to growth; the 
effect on the fruit not being apparent 
until the .sea.son following. The un- 
treati'd trees were too weak to yield a 
crop. The stunted apjdes dropped, and 
the blo.ssom buds for another year were 
small and lacking in vitality. Both 
blossoms and fruit on the weak, un¬ 
treated trees were less able to with¬ 
stand the effects of Spring frosts than 
were those to which nitrate of soda was 
sui)plied. 
RKsn.TS Skcuuei). —Phosi»horic acid 
has given .a double surprise. In the 
form of acid phosphate, in connection 
with nitrate of soda and muriate of 
j>otash it was expected to add to the 
croj). It has not done .st*. S(> far as 
growth and crop production are con¬ 
cerned, nitrogen has been the contrfdling 
element. It has also increased the 
growth of grass, but not of clover. At 
first glance it appears as though ai>ple 
trees are easily satisfied, and can thrive 
on the poorest of soil, with ii scanty r.a- 
tion of potassium and phosphorus, if 
nitrogen is not withheld. 'Phere is no 
reason for giving up old doctrines, how¬ 
ever. and we have all along taught that 
fruit trees need complete rations. We 
have not felt happy when we have seen 
apple-growers using nitrate of soda alone 
in apple orchards, on much worn soil. 
Such a course of action takes no cog¬ 
nizance of. the necessity of imi»roving 
soil conditions in bearing apple orchards. 
IMiOSI'HOKUS AM) I'OTAS.Sir’^M. —If we 
<-ould only say that phosphorus im¬ 
proves the color of apples, our argument 
would be .strengthened. Both phosphorus 
and potassium .seem to have been given 
more credit than they deserve in i)utting 
a blush on apple.s. Some orchardists 
have come to regard these plant food 
elements as loafers in apide orchards. 
We can condont* the inactivity of i)otas- 
.sium because the soil is a heavy clay. 
We have been looking for ,action on the 
part of phosphorus sooner or later, and 
now the evidence has come in an un¬ 
looked for way. It is not playing a 
new role, but it has produced results 
which we did not expect it to do under 
the circumstances. 
f'oxnnio.xs I.vvor.VKO. —To one con¬ 
versant with the facts as to the adap¬ 
tability of the hilltops of Southern Ohio 
for the i)i'oduction of highly colored ap¬ 
ples of excellent quality, it is plain that 
bringing ui) the fertility of the soil is 
one of the fir.st problems to be solved. 
Stable manure will do it. but cannot be 
had. Cover crops require stirring of 
the soil, which means erosion. The cost 
of mulching material and difficulty of 
transportation to the orchards preclude 
its sufficient use. Commercial fertilizers 
alone, or with lime, were not thought 
to meet the requirements. Results with 
acid phosphate alone have given sur- i 
prise and more than met expectations. 
Brixgixc: IX Cix)VF.r. —The yield of 
dried grass, clover and weeds on the tin* 
fertilized jdot was only 84t> pounds per 
acre. Acid phosphate alone brought a 
crop of inire clover of 27l(i iiounds per 
acre. The .addition of muriate of jiotash 
gave 28M pounds c>f (-lover. No clover j 
or grass seed was sown, there being 
l)re.sent some very small, starved volun-1 
tet'r jdants which produced seed enough ' 
to ,stock the soil. A complete fertilizer j 
gav(' tll.oS pounds j)er aci-e. of dried j 
grasses, but .‘ilmost no clover, this 
weight of mulching material being 7421 
pounds moi-e than came from the acid 
phosphate plot. Viewed from the stand- | 
point of mulching material, the g.-iin in j 
favor of a complete fertilizer is import- | 
ant, because the possibility is shown of 
the co.st of straw and h.-iuling being saved. 
There is. however, greater value in the 
clover on the .acid phosphate plot than 
in the l.-irger quantity of grass on the 
comiilete fertilizer plot, beciiuse of the 
ability of the clover to effect soil im- 
lu-ovement. Where clover has been 
brought in by the use of acid phosphate, 
the effect on the trees has Ixaai to in¬ 
crease growth and fruitfulness. as 
though nitrate of soda h.ad been ap¬ 
plied. 
IvEGUMES AXD NiTROtJEX. —R»>d clover 
lasts but two sea.sons. but renewal by 
use of acid phosphate is ea.sily effected, 
a.s the .second crop produces seed. In 
beginning treatment of an orchard where 
the indications are that nitrogen is much 
ne('ded nitrate of soda may be applied 
around the trees, extending out a little 
farther than the branches reach at the 
rate of three i)ounds per tree. If the 
trees are mulched, no effort need be 
made to secure Ji growth of grass or 
clover around the trees. Between the 
trees clover seed may bo sown and 350 
pounds of acid phosphate per acre. The 
rates above given are to be varied ac¬ 
cording to the size of the trees, but 
mature trees jire meant in all cases. If ! 
mulching is not practiced, nitrate of 
soda may be applied around the trees, 
as in the other case, and acid phosphate 
over the entire surface, around the tree.> 
and between the rows. The clover can 
be mown twice during the season and 
left to lie where it falls. 
Nitrate need not be used more than 
two seasons. After that the acid 
I 
phosphate will stimulate the growth of, 
clover, so that the nitrate of soda may | 
be disiKuised with. If. at any time, it 
ajjpears to be desirable to discontinue 
clover for a short period, grasses will ' 
come in, but these can be replaced by 
clover Avhen dc^sired. No doubt sweet | 
clover or Alfalfa might be u.sed instead : 
of red clover, but this has not been at¬ 
tempted. Thus it ai)pears that nitrate 
of soda may. in a large part, be di.s- 
pensed with in old orchards, and at the 
same time improve soil conditions with¬ 
out resorting to plowing and cause 
grt'at danger of erosion. 
Ohio Exp. Station. w. .7. GREEN. i 
Cover Crop to Discourage Weeds 
I have a piece of land planted to late 
cabbag(‘S last year, that I wish to plant 
to sweet corn about the middle of .lune. 
What is the best thing to sow on this 
I)iece early in the Spring to give me 
a green crop to turn under not later 
than .lune 15. We are blessed here 
with an abundant weed (-rop. If plowed 
in the Spring and left idle the weeds 
would . be a foot high and of every 
varmty known to this part of the coun¬ 
try. by the middle of ,Iune. 
Cape Cod. Mass. (. B. 
In our own latitude on such soil we 
should sow oats and Canada peas as 
early in the Spring as po.ssible. ITse 
five pecks of the peas, broadcast over 
the surface and plowed in with a small 
plow or put under with a disk harrow. 
Then seed three bvshels of oats, either 
drilling or harrowing them in. If the 
land is in fair shape, this will make a 
solid growth, and can be plowed under 
the middle of .Tune. It will be thick 
enough to preyent weed growth and will 
add humus and plant food to a greater 
extent than any other crop you can put 
in so eai-ly in the Spring. 
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