S6e RURAL NEW-YORKER 
368 
cattle in the most appetizing way. We make 
sausage from the trimmings of the hams, bacon, 
etc., and put an equal amount of beef to the pork, 
which is about the proportion our customers like 
it best. We smoke about half the sausage just 
about a day, and sometimes just over night, and 
the other half we sell fresh. We get IS cents for 
the fresh and 19 for the smoked. The hams are in 
good demand at 2.5 cents per pound when they ..are 
smoked one week. We -usually put them in pickle 
one Aveek and one Aveek in the smoke, but uoav aa’o 
have a quicker Avay, AAiiich is just as good, if not 
better. We dip them in boiling Avater for a few 
minutes and then rub them Avith salt and a little 
sugar and hang them in the smoke for one Aveek, 
and they are delicious. For spare ribs Ave get 17 
cents; tenderloin 20 cents; shoulder, fresh and cut 
up, 17 cents; chops 20 cents; backbone 10 cents; 
pudding in pans and casings 15 cents; brains five 
to 10 cents apiece from hogs and 25 cents from a 
beef; pig’s feet 40 cents per set Avitli tongue; kid¬ 
neys five cents; pigs’ stomachs 12 cents each ; calves’ 
heads 25 cents each; calf’s liA'er and In'art .30 cents 
per pound; s\A’eetbi‘ead from calf .30 to 40 cents 
each, ('alf skin .$.3.50 each; beef hides 19 cents per 
pound. ’I'liis is AA'hat I got so far this Winter. A 
feAA"^ Aveeks ago I pui’chased fi’om a neighboilng far¬ 
mer a big fat heifer for .$.'i2 and gave him more 
than the butcher offered him. 1 made ovei‘ .$.30 ])ro- 
fit on it. The hide made .$1 <5.5.3. 'I'lien I figured the 
meat only at Avholesale price, as I sold most of it 
Avholesale. I needed souje for my ])ork, for good 
sausage, and the liver, heart, etc., for good pudding. 
AVe don’t raise many cattle, as Ave sell mostly veal 
calves, becau.se AA'hen I go to the market T get so 
much for a calf Avhen four Aveeks old. I lately had 
!i foAV calves and they netted me about .$18.50 each. 
AVe keep only the be.4t calves to replenish our dairy 
herd. At above figui’es I retail only “by-product” 
of the calves. The meat I sell at 10 cents Avhole 
to the butcher in the city. 
OTHER ITIODUCTS.—We make a specialty of 
cream for ice cream, Avhich Ave haul to MeyerstoAvn 
the year round, but during the AA’inter aa'c have to 
make quite a lot of butter. This Ave take along to 
the market and gain eight cents a pound more than 
our neighbor Avho sells to hucksters. Eggs we usu¬ 
ally gain about four cents a dozen. All this may 
seem to be very much Avork, hut it is not as much 
as you imagine. One day a Aveek for butchering, 
I 
this is the most, but then Ave get a few good helpers, 
so that all is cleaned up in the same day. The 
Avhole thing is only tAVO days a Aveek, and one day 
to the city is enjoyed by nearly all the country folks. 
For my part I enjoy it immensely. In this Avay you 
come in contact Avith all classes of people as well 
as Avith your neighbor farmers, and exchange ideas, 
Avhich is also a good stimulus. In Avhat other Avay 
could you earn so much? c. a. kastioke. 
Pennsylvania. 
Ownership of Manure 
I Avork a farm ou shares, and the man Avho OAvns the 
farm takes his half of the hay and grain off the farm 
.and sells it. I feed my part out on the farm, q’here 
Avas nothing said that I should feed hay out on farm. 
AA’'ould I have a right to sell the manure off the. farm 
or moA'e it mj^self from the farm, as there Avas 
nothing said about my feeding the hay and grain out 
on farm? Some think I could sell it or moA-e it Avhere 
I Avksh. F. s. ir. 
NeAV York. 
HE general rule is that manure made on the 
farm from the consumption of the products 
groAvn there is regarded in this country as belong¬ 
ing to the realty and as betAveen seller and buyer, 
mortgagor and mortgagee or landlord and tenant 
is regarded as part of the real property, and Avould 
pass Avith the farm if sold, and may not be rcuuoved 
by a tenant as personal property in the absence of 
any agreement regarding it. The reason for this 
general rule is that, since the substance of the land 
produces the manure, it should remain on the farm 
for its enrichment, and the soil should not be im¬ 
poverished because of its remoAml by a vendor or 
an outgoing tenant. This reasoning is not follOAved 
in the. States of New Jersey and Noith Carolina, in 
both of AAdiich the direct contrary rule is folloAA^ed; 
that is, that manure is personal property and the 
vendor or tenant may take it aAAmy. Of course the 
OAvner of a farm may at ai^;^" time sell the manure 
made thereou as he could his groAAdng trees or other 
property. When the food from Avhich the manure 
is produced is not raised on the place Avhere it is 
made, the reason for treating it as part of the 
realty does not exist, and in these particular cases, 
such as liA’cry stables or in buildings unconnected 
witli agriculture, manure is held to be personal 
property and may be sold by the tenant. And it has 
been held that Avhere the tenant of a farm fed 
his cattle upon grain produced from some other 
source than that particular farm, he Avas entitled 
during his term to remove it from the farm. 
There does not appear to be any decided case 
based on facts similar to those outlined' by you. 
but if your contract does not provide for feeding 
the products of the farm thereon, nor for the ma¬ 
nure, and the oAvner takes his oavu share aAvay, and 
there is no contrary custom thereabouts, AA’hy the 
chances appear pretty good that you have a right 
to take the manure OAvay. Reason Avouhl seem to 
be AA’ith this pi’oc(‘dure. You could fe(Hl the pro¬ 
ducts off the farm and then keep the manure, the 
Plant of Harding Blueberry. Fig. 149 See Page 370 
oAvner takes his share aAvay shoAving he is not par¬ 
ticularly interested in using them to keep up the 
fai-m. Where is his right in a claim to the manure? 
M. n. 
Prices for Sweet Corn 
On page 145 I noticed an .‘vti<‘lo on “SAveot Corn 
(troAving in Maine.” The fanner.s hereabouts are groAv- 
ing this crop for canning to .some extent, and the ludces 
receiA-ed have not been satisfactory. In the article re¬ 
ferred to the Avriter does not make (.dear Avhether tin* 
average i)rice realized last year (.$19.SO p(‘r ton) and 
the price of $21.(50 i)er ton expected this year is on the 
corn husked or unhusked. We Avould like to raise an 
acreage of this crop provided Ave can get a fair margin 
over the necessary outlay. n. F. K. 
Stanley, N. Y. 
Last year, the farmers here received 2% cgnts per 
pound for the corn after it Avas cut from the cob; 
this year, they are to receive thi-ee cents per pound. 
'Fhe ears ai‘e broken from the stalks and draAvn to 
the factory in dump carts. The loads are Aveighed 
as a load of hay or coal, or .any (dher article to be 
The Mick Blueberry as Found in the Swamp. Fig. 150 
sold by the ton or pound, Avould be Aveighed. The 
load of uuhusked corn is then draAvn from the plat¬ 
form scales into the husking .shed and dumped. A 
man in the employ of the factory, usually one Avell 
knoAA'ii to the farmers in the vicinity, takes a basket 
and .goes onto the load and fills the basket Avith 
ears of corn. ’Phese are carried to a small stff of 
idatform scales set to Aveigh net Avith the Aveight 
of the basket excluded. Ears are throAvn out of 
the basket till the scales tip at 50 pounds. Then 
the corn is husked, all poor ears being throAvn out, 
and carried to a hand or poAA’cr cutter kept for the 
purpose, cut from the cob and the cut corn Avei.ghed. 
If this Aveighs IS pounds, Avhich is about the aver¬ 
age in a good corn year, it means that one hundred 
March 10, 1917 
pounds of the unhu.sked com AA'ill yield .3(1 pounds 
of cut corn. If 100 pounds of the unhusked corn 
yield 3(3 pounds of cut corn, one ton Avill yield 720 
pounds, and at 2% cents per pound. Avill bring 
.819.80; at three cents per pound it Avill bring 
.821.00. It Avill be readily seen from the above that 
it is the unhusked corn as the ears are broken fiv.nu 
the stalks in the field, that is meant. 
I may add that I think this is the only fair Avay 
of determining the A'alue of corn for canning. If 
the corn is immature, it Avill Avei.gh light, and the 
farmer knoAvs at once that it is not fit to ]nck. If it 
is c.irelessly liroken. Avith long butts on the eai'S and 
a large amount of husks, the test roA'cals that, and 
protects the factory. 3'h('n, once the load of corn 
is dumited in the husking shed it becomes the prop¬ 
erty of the packer and it is to his interest to avoid 
Avaste in handling, or other losses. The farmer 
may knoAV as he hauls each load hoAv his corn is 
cutting and figure results from it. ’Phen in a fac- 
tor.A* near here, as soon as the test is cnit .and 
AA'eighed. the farmer can get his ])a.v for the load, 
although the corn may be in the husking shed, un- 
husk(Ml and uncut. It is not unusual for the far¬ 
mer to take his pay home Avith him every night. 
Maine. b. avalker m'keen. 
Damage Done by Partridges 
I N reply to article of Ray Haner in regard to par- 
ti-idges on i).age 140 Avill tell my experience. 
There are hetAvc'cMi seven and ei.ght thousand fruit 
trees here, and the only trees bothered by partridges 
are in a s])ace .lOO feet from the Avoods. The birds 
come back to the same trees every night betAveen 
fiA-e and six o’clock until they clean out all they 
can easily get. Not being a very good shot Avith 
!i .22 calibre rifle, and the report not scaring the 
birds, I had a good opportunit.v of AA'atching their 
Avork. The i)artridge starts at the tip of one branch, 
Avo]-king doAvn, cle.auing off everything, and then 
goes on the next one. After about tAvo Aveeks of 
jtractice Avith the rifle I managed to get one. I 
carefully cleaned the bird, saving the crop and 
gizzard, and this is Avhat I found in the croii: 1.30 
leaf buds, 105 fruit buds, and 87 buds (ff maple, 
birch, etc. This represented the afternoon's Avork. 
The gizzard had buds in all stages of mastication 
Avhich I did not count. 
The trees in the Summer sIioav the ravages of the 
l)ird by their thin foliage, noticeable by anyone. 
l’eo))le have asked me Avhat disease had struck some 
of my trees. The damage is alino.st inestimable, 
not only from the loss of fruit, but from the shock 
to the tree in that the loss of leaf surface prevents 
a complete utilization of the food the roots send up. 
I enclose letter received in ansAver to mine regard¬ 
ing this damage, and you Avill notice the reply in 
contrast to that of your Deputy Commissioner. The 
birds are at it again this year and 1 hope I Avill 
prove a better shot than last .A’ear. It Avas impos¬ 
sible to get in range Avith a shot gun, they Avere 
so scar.A', but a .22 never bothered them. 
Massachusetts. r. b. hale. 
R. N.-Y.—’Fhe letter referred to is from the Farm 
Bureau Agent of Norfolk Co., Mass.: 
I have your lett(U’ of M.arch 25th and have taken 
the matter, of recoverng damages from birds eating 
fruit buds, up Avith the Fish and Game Commission, 
also Avith the .State Board of Agriculture. They knoAV 
of no cases Avhere damages have been paid for partridges 
eating buds, and knoAV of no laAV that Avill alloAV pay¬ 
ing such damages. ’Fhe oidy recourse is to do as you 
have done, to protect yourself, Avhich I knoAV is not 
A’ery satisfactory. 
This proves the dam'age done by partridges and 
shoAvs the difference betAveen Ma.ssachusetts and 
NeAV York regulatioms. 
Notes from New England Farmers 
I Avas interested by Ray Hauer’s complaint. Most 
surely partridges Avill destroy next year’s fruit un¬ 
less stopped; they "nip it in the bud” for a fact. 
Somebody’s grandfather could tell you of county 
money helping to buy a pair of coAvhide boots or 
something else needed. Certain it is that there 
has been “hountj^ on partridge.s” because of said 
fact. Noav almost any farmer Avould go out some 
night, shoot the partridges, and think no moi’e 
about it. A. w. T. 
E. Andover, N. H. 
I noticed article regarding damage to apple buds 
by partridges. I have killed a good many par¬ 
tridges Avith their crops filled Avith apple buds, prob¬ 
ably seA'eral hundred buds in a bird. I can also 
refer you to “Birds of Ncav York.” by E. H. Eaton, 
a /ecognized authority on hiials. ’Phe book is a 
State museum memoir. Avhich he say.s, “In Win¬ 
ter they subsist principally on buds of birch, pop¬ 
lar and api)le trees.” Why not look up Mr. Haner’s 
right to kill the birds? I am pretty sure J. 3’. Mc¬ 
Cormick is Avrong even if he is a game chief. 
Groton, Conn. T. F. B. 
