820 
Oic RURAL NEW-YORKER 
April 7, 1917. 
A Canadian Farm Problem 
Can you or some of your readers in 
the North give me some help on my 
probl<*m in farm management? 1 have 
a good hundred-acre farm in Ontario 
with no untillable land for cow pasture. 
I have a small foundation herd of dairy 
cows that run loose in a room 36x60 un- 
<ier a hayloft. This is a very unsatis¬ 
factory way to keep milking cows, and 
I must either convert this room into a 
modern .stable or abandon dairying al¬ 
together. We sell milk to the cheese 
factory, getting from $1 to $2 per hun¬ 
dred for it Farm help is practically ex¬ 
tinct, the work in the dairy being done 
by my family. I have a silo and can 
groiv clover and Alfalfa in abundance. 
Help is not to be had to carry on soiling 
during the Summer. Some of your read¬ 
ers say they must continue milking cows, 
as their barns are equipped for dairying, 
and can be used for nothing else. I have 
no expensive stable equipment; how can 
I abandon the dairy cow and still main¬ 
tain the fertility of the soil? It seems 
to me I would lose still more money by 
feeding steers during the Winter. Have 
:>iiy of your readers had any experience 
in substituting feeding steers for the 
dairy cows? I feed pigs profitably on a 
^mall scale, .‘iO to 60 head per year, but 
liesitate to go into hogs exclusively. 
< tnrario. w. D. F. 
Most of us are trying to work our 
farms with insufficient help, poor help 
or no help at all. As I understand your 
problem, you wish to manage your farm 
so as to be able to run it practically 
without hired help. A stranger cannot 
possibly know all of your conditions, 
such as the situation of your farm, char¬ 
acter of soil, markets, personal tastes of 
yourself and family and other things 
which would have to be considered. You 
must realize, therefore, that the be.st an 
outsider can do is to offer suggestions 
which from a distance seem feasible. 
Three or four possible solutions occur 
to tne which might help solve your prob¬ 
lem. 
In the first place, part of the land 
might be sold, leaving enough to keep 
yourself and family busy. I believe that 
many farmers, especially those past mid¬ 
dle life who have no sons at home, could 
sell half of their land, invest some of the 
proceeds in needed equipment and labor- 
saving conveniences and perhaps make 
more net profit off 50 acres than they 
had previously done from 100. The pos¬ 
sibilities of a .small farm are very at¬ 
tractive, e.specially where the women are 
interested in poultry, gardening, bees or 
fruit. At any rate, a man in declining 
years can enjoy the latter part of his 
life more fully if relieved of a part of 
his work and responsibility—even if the 
dollars do not roll in as plentifully as 
before. 
If you wi.sh to keep your farm intact 
and run it without coivs, the first al¬ 
ternative which suggests itself is to 
change to beef cattle. If you have the 
capital and have a fancy for a beef breed, 
why not invest in a small herd—allow¬ 
ing the calves to run with the cows? A 
flock of sheep, too, might be started to 
advantage on most farms. With beef 
cattle, sheep and hogs the fertility of the 
land could be kept up and increased, es¬ 
pecially where clover and Alfalfa grow 
abundantly. If you find younself es¬ 
pecially successful in any one line of 
stock, follow up that line and develop 
it. even, if necessary, to the exchnsion 
of other lines. Thus in time you might 
find it profitable to go into beef cattle 
almost exclusively. Undoubtedly you 
could keep more stock by soiling your 
cattle than by pasturing part of your 
land; but I wouldn’t care to be sen¬ 
tenced to that kind of hard labor myself, 
and therefore would hesitate to suggest 
it to others. I would follow^ a four or 
five-year rotation, pasturing one field 
each year and probably the second growth 
on the next plot. With a good strong 
soil, I would not hesitate to sell some 
Timothy hay. On many farms it is good 
practice to sell part of the hay each year 
and put the money into such concen¬ 
trated foods as bran, shorts, oil cake, cot¬ 
tonseed meal, etc. 
To buy steers for profitable feeding 
requires practice. I would hesitate to 
buy extensively, for the profit or loss in 
feeding depends very largely on the type 
of steers bought and the price paid for 
them. 
A man with a fondness for horses 
might make a success of raising colts. 
If I were going into that business ex¬ 
tensively I would avoid standard bred 
lior.se.s. Raising trotters is a gambling 
game with the odds strong against you. 
The draft breeds are safer to handle, los.s 
subject to unsoundnc.ss and more sure to 
bring a remunerative price. With plenty 
of box stalls for Winter and an abund¬ 
ance of pasture in Summer, one man can 
look after a lot of mares and colts anrt 
not be obliged to do chores all night 
either. C. S. M. 
Orchard Questions 
1. I read W. S. Teator's article on 
spraying, page ,335, and found it instruc¬ 
tive. Would you advise plowing away 
from trees or would it l)e bettor to keep 
trees ridged up well? The objection I 
find in plowing away from trees is that 
the water will collect in furrows, along 
trees and question whether this may not 
be injurious to trees. 2. Is the spray for 
|)oaches safe when we make spray for 
apple trees at bud swelling? Is the same 
spray all right fo rpoach trees. .3. Some 
of my young apple trees have been harmed 
by mice eating bark around tree. Is there 
any objection in putting close mesh vvire 
around trees and leaving it there for 
years, cutting it large enough so that it 
will give out with growth of tree? 
Sellersi’ille, I’a. w. R. M. 
1. It is desirable for several reasons to 
keep the orchard soil level and not to 
.alloiv the ground to become too ridged. 
It may be done by alteimating the plow¬ 
ing, one year towards and the next year 
away from the row', and doing consider¬ 
able cross-harrowing and a certain 
amount of hand work about the tree. Do 
not plow’ too deep when plowing away 
from the ti-ees, again, by plowing too 
often towards the row the roots and 
trunks get too much covering and it is 
not Nature’s way. 
2. It is ))erfectly safe and advisable to 
use the same lime-sulphur mixture on the 
peach as .vou do on the apple if the buds 
have not opened. 
3. As regards wire screens for protec¬ 
tion to young trees it is the best po.ssible 
insurance. Get close woven galvanize<l 
wire, cut it into large enough pieces, roll 
into form and spring around the tree and 
leave it there. It has been my only sal¬ 
vation against mice, rabbits and wood¬ 
chucks. It saves much ivorry and is 
cheaper in the long run than to be con¬ 
stantly looking after these annoyances 
with other makeshifts. I do not like 
wood veneer or paper to leave on a tree 
too long. w. s. T. 
Buffalo Markets 
(Continued from page 516) 
in it, though they are coming in very late 
this year. 
Poultry is firm for dressed, but less 
strong for live and frozen stock is now' 
offered in quantity at prices a trifle lower 
than dressed, with live as usual about 3c 
lower than dressed, which wholesales at 
21 and ,35c for turkeys, 22 and 26e for 
fowls, 19c for old roosters, 26 and 27e for 
ducks and 20 and 22e for geese. 
Fancy and Southern fruits are much 
more plenty and cheap than ordinai'y 
green vegetables, at ,$,3.25 and ,$3.,50 per 
box for California oranges, ,$3.25 and 
$4.50 for Florida oranges, $3.75 and $4.50 
for lemons, ,$3 and $4 per box for grape 
fruit and $1.25 and $1.40 for 100 limes. 
Pineapples are rather plenty at $4 and ,$5 
per box. Strawberries arc low'er. at 25 
and 40c per quart. Honey is still cheap 
at 10 and 15c per lb. Maple sugar has 
appeared, selling high. 14 and 19c for 
sugar, and $1.35 and $1..50 per gallon for 
syrup. There is prospect of a good sup¬ 
ply of sugar and syrup, as all sugar is 
high enough to warrant the tapping of 
trees and the sunny days have usually 
been followed by freezing nights, J. w. C. 
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lies. Pearl St., Albany, N. Y. 
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Also Timothy, Clover, Alfalfa Seeds, 
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STOECKER SEED CO, Dept.2 Peoria, ill. 
Mfalfa 
>eed Corn 
Joy Beans 
I 
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Samples 
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1 
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SEED POTITOES 
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Are The Best Money Can Buy 
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Address, EDWARD F. DIBBLE SEEDGROWER, Box B, Honeoye Falls, N. Y- 
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FROM OUR FARMS TO YOURS 
