•Ghe RURAL NEW-YORKER 
613 
nor demand full wages until he has become com¬ 
petent, nor Is a farmer .iustified in taking a student 
because he may be obtained for a cheaper price, and 
then expect too much from him. 
They are men of intelligence—that goes without 
saying. They are not shirkers. Most of the men 
I have had have come to me as learners, and they 
have been willing and anxious to take hold of any 
of the multitudinous jobs that loom up on a busy 
farm; they quickly learn to do their allotted work, 
and they have acquitted them.selves well. Though 
there is much substance in the objection that they 
can only come during a short vacation time, when 
they are not needed, I would put out just one sug¬ 
gestion; that many an orchardist would do well, 
if he can get them, to set one or more young col¬ 
lege men thinning his fruit and helping about the 
orchard and farm during the Summer weeks. 
Dutchess Co., N. Y. w. s. tkator. 
amount is paid, the farm is deeded to the purchaser. If 
this young man bears a good reputation, aud has good 
prospects of succeeding, he might induce a man hav¬ 
ing capital to back him on such a proposition as this. 
Buying Farms on Easy Terms 
W E have stated several times that probably the 
farmers of Vermont can ol'tain better terms 
for borrowing money than in any other State iu 
the Union. There are various rea¬ 
sons for this. 
Farming is and always will be the 
chief business in Vermont. Vermont 
people tinderstand this and are de¬ 
sirous of filling the State with enter¬ 
prising farmers who will take in¬ 
terest in their woi'k. Then the Ver¬ 
mont people are as a rule very 
thrifty. The banks are well supplied 
with money and on general i>rinci- 
ples they would prefer if i)Ossible to 
have it invested at home in Vermont 
enten)ri.ses. Thus everything works 
toward the plan of building up farm¬ 
ing by giving farmers .a fair chance. 
Not long ago we reci'ived a (iue.s- 
tion from a young man in A'ermont 
who said that he was married and 
had children. He wants to go to 
farming, but has no capital to start 
with, i;e has found a farm well sit¬ 
uated aid Avell located which can be 
bought for something over .$12.t>00. 
It is a good farm, capable of carry¬ 
ing ftO head of cattle and the neces- 
sar.\ hoi-ses. The location is good for 
an increase of busine.ss in the future. 
Now this man has no mone.v, but he 
wants to buy about as follows: 
Tie will give a mortgage for half 
the price of the farm, and he wants 
to take care of the balance in bank¬ 
able notes, signed by peojde who 
would be accepted as fail' security by 
the bank. Thider such a plan this 
man, AVithout capital, would have a 
farm; his property would serve as 
.security for the purchase jirice, and 
if the man proved him.self c.-ijiable 
he could jiay off his debt after a term 
of years. This young man is a far¬ 
mer, knows the iiractical side of 
fanning and has also taken a cour.<e 
in dairying at tin agricnlrural col¬ 
lege. ' Such a j)roi»osition wotild 
hardly be noticed by the b.inks in 
most of the States. Trobably few 
people with money would be willing 
to lend more than 40% of the vjilue 
of such a farm. In A^ermout, hoAV- 
ever, the .situation S(*ems to be such 
that a young man of good character 
and reputation could a-ctually get 
started under very favorable condi¬ 
tions. One of the best posted men in A^er- 
Diont imikes the following statement regarding 
the chance for such a .voting man to obtain a loan 
or to start without capital, and we doubt if similar 
chances can be found in any other agricultural 
State of the Union. 
It is the usual custom for A'’eruiout banks to loau 
to men who have good moral character, and good pros¬ 
pect of succes|s, C0% of the value of a farm. In case a 
.vouiig man is Avell known in a community, and is 
able to interest some man having capital to go spon¬ 
sor for him, the bank avouUI probably loan more money, 
Iv”' note secured by first class signers. I 
think, however, that the young man would have to be 
more than an ordinary risk. The fact that this young 
man is 24 years of age. is married and has chUdren, 
ant has .saved no money, is an indication that he is 
aot a first-class financier. It is not an unusual thing 
or owners of farms to sell to a promising young man 
under some form of redeemable lease, wiierebv the 
purchaser pays as rental 6% of the value of the'farm, 
iind m case anything more than this is paid, the sum 
applies in reducing the principal. After a certain 
Milk Prices in Colorado 
I THOUOHT you might be interested in the fol- 
hrwing schedule of the prices offered tis for 
milk: 
Lamar, Colo., March 24, 1017. 
To Our Patrons: 
The following prices will be paid per 100 pound.s of 
fresh, whole, sweet, untainted and unadulterated milk 
delivered at our plant: 
April $2.20; May $1.00; .Tune $1.0.5; ,Tuly .$2.05; 
August $2.20: September $2.20. Average for six 
months, $2.08 1-3. 
These prices are for milk testing from 3..3' to 3.5 
per cent, butterfat. For milk testing less than 3.3 per 
cent, there will be a deduction of 2 cents for every 
point lower test. 
For milk testiiig more than 3.5 per cent., a pre¬ 
mium of two cents for each one-tenth per cent, will be 
paid. 
AA'’e reserve the right to get control samples on a 
man’s premises and where certain evidence of skimming 
or watering exists we reserve the right to di.scontinue 
further business relations, or make the cut greater, 
as Ave see fit. 
AA'e alst) reserve the right to reject all milk testing 
less than 3.0 per cent. 
The Pride of the Farm—Big Corn and Little Child. Fig. 244 
I’rusting tlie .above iirices meet witli your approval, 
and soliciting your further patronage, we are, 
IlesiK'ctfully yours, 
IlKLVETIA illl.K CONP. CO. 
It look.s good coniparod with New York jirices 
when you understand the cleanest green Alf.-ilfa hay 
here is usually worth about $7 in stack. I have 
sold lots of it for .$5 and $0. There is no barn 
score whatever; that is, our cattle are very seldom 
stabled except for milking and grain feeding. Our 
beet pulp, fresh undried, costs us 25 cents a ton at 
factory, 30 cents a ton freight to local station. AA'e 
have from one to two tons of beet tops per acre, 
very excellent (unexcelled even by green Alfalfa) 
fattening and milk producing fodder as by-product 
from sugar beets. In addition our Alfalfa can be 
pastured after third cutting, till the new year. It 
seems New York prices ought to be much higher. 
W. A. MACPTrERSOX. 
Peach Trees on Long Island 
I have some peach trees on my place at East 
Patchogue. L. I. I bought the place re<'ently and am 
told by the former owner that the trees have never 
borne any fruit, although they are from three to five 
years and apparently healthy. I am told by neighbors 
that peach trees do not bear in that locality. AVill you 
advise me the probable cause of their not bearing? 
Do you consider that it is the soil, (he fact that pos¬ 
sibly they have not been sprayed properly or the cli¬ 
mate? The soil Ls a sandy loam with a sand sub.soil. 
If it is the spraying, the soil, or pos.sibly pruning. I 
can ea.sily correct the difficulties, but if it is the cli¬ 
mate, I presume that the best thing to do is to chop 
them down. w. ir. f. 
T is impossible without first seeing the conditioms 
.surrounding the orchard and knowing previous 
treatment of same to be positive as to the cause of 
the trouble. There are several factors that may 
prevent the trees bearing; such as too much wood 
growth from overfeeding; or, jiossibly varieties may 
have been planted that are shy bearer.s. There 
is a popular opinion that peach'trees do not do 
well near s'alt Avater. I know of seA’eral orchards 
located Avitb'ln a few rods of salt water that bear 
fairly Avell. These orchards are protected from the 
full sAveep of llie oce:ui Avinds by Avind-breaks. As 
a rule fruit trees near sjilt Av.-iter suffer more from 
sand-blasts than from any salt the 
air may contain. Of cour.se fogs and 
scud from the ocean make conditions 
more faA'orable for fruit-rot, or 
broAvu-rot of the fruit: also for the 
groAvth of lichens and moss on the 
trees during Fall and AA'inter. The 
latter condition can be preA'ented by 
sjiraying the trees Avbile donn.'ut 
Avith lime-sulidinr solution. 
Although the trouble may result 
from one of the c.inscs given I mis¬ 
trust that in this orchard it is due 
to :i l.ick of “air-di-:iiiiage.” Lack 
of air drainage sboAvs in tAvo di.s- 
tinct forms on the island. On the 
north side of the island in the mor¬ 
aine .section there are ‘•ketrle-lioles” 
Avliich vary from a feAV .sipiare rods 
to several acres in extent. These 
“kettle-boles” may occur on practi¬ 
cally level land. AA’ith a moderate 
wind bloAviug the air in these holes 
is disturbed veiy little. Peaches set 
iu one of tbe.se pockets invariably 
fail to bear fruit. During Avarm 
bright da.vs the air in the boles 
Avarnis up to a temperature AA'here 
the buds begin to swell. A cold AvaA'e 
folloAv.s Avith the result that the buds 
Avinter-kill. The same condition can 
follow Avhere an orchard is .set on 
coni] )ani lively level land and sur¬ 
rounded Avitli Avoods, as a result many 
of the varieties in the orchard Avill 
fail to hear because the buds have 
resiionded to their Avarm surround¬ 
ings too early in the AA’inter. 
The second condition occur.s oA-er 
small areas in A'arious section.s of 
the island, usually on Ioav ground, hut 
soinelimes on comparatively high 
loA'el land through the central por¬ 
tion of the island. It is ju-oduced 
Avliere two enrrents of air meet, or 
Avhere they move ontAvanl in oppo¬ 
site directions. During jieriods Avhen 
“loAv" and “high” areas are not 
moving over the country rapidly, the 
old biAv given in the geographies of 
our boyhood da.vs, viz, that “the Avind 
bloAvs from the Avater toAvards the 
land during the day aud from the 
land toAvard.s the Avater during the 
night,” sometimes holds true. On a 
naiTOAv strip of land like laing Island AAith a body 
of Avater on each side, Avheii the above law holds a 
vacuum or as the aeronauts .say a “avoH” is formed 
doAvn Avhich the cold from the upper regions tumbles. 
Although a writer iu a recent U. S. AA'eather Bu¬ 
reau rejAort claims Long Island has a growing sea¬ 
son of 1S4 days hetAveeu the last and first frost, 
under the above described conditions fro.sts fre- 
(piently occur every month in the year except July 
and Aiigu.st. In these spots It is not an uncommon 
occurrence to see oak sprouts four to six inches in 
length killed in .Tune. One could not expect to get 
a crop from peach trees set iu such locations. For¬ 
tunately these belts are not very Avide. Probably 
the .same conditions liold iu the above described 
belts during the AVinter, but Ave have not been for¬ 
tunate enough to have thermometers located near 
them to record Avliat takes place. 
IletK’e even on Long Island avo must consider r.ii- 
