642 
May 5, 15>17. 
trees are represented by circles. If these 
circles were properly drawn to leave a 
spacHi of four or live feet between the 
tre<‘s he would have much more “waste 
space.” It would be an illuminating ex- 
ptu-ience for him to plow, cultivate, 
spray or collect apples in an orchard 
planted in a triangular or hexagonal sys¬ 
tem for a week, any job where he would 
have to drive a team. Ai.FUKi) C’. wiacn. 
Wayne f’f)unty, N. Y. 
A Bean Fraud in Maine 
A man from Ar<K)stook (’ounty, Me., 
called at my house to-day sellng what is 
called the I’rga bean. He claimed they 
could be ground into a tine Hour for home 
use. He wouldn’t sell less than two or 
more than 24 to each customer. His juace 
was 2c each. He said there was a new in¬ 
dustry just being started to grind these 
Ix'ans into flour, 'rhis cori)oration would 
buy all the beans one could raise. Quite 
a number of farmers around here bought 
a dozen or so, but I did not, because I 
thought he was a big fraud getting a very 
high i)rice for his beans. Thest; were 
tlat and about an inch in diameter, and 
looked like a flat horse chestnut. Is he 
a fraud or notV What is your opinion? 
Maine. ii. A. B. 
II. A. B. .says that this agent’s main 
business seeme<l to be to try to get the 
number of children and similar items 
about the farm, but he ended up apjnir- 
The Broad or Windsor Bean. Fig. 253 
ently by trying to sell this so-called Urga 
bean. When we finst heard the name we 
thought it might be one of the varieti 's 
of Soy or Soja bean. Some of the.se 
have been recommended in the i)ast as a 
substitute for coffee, while <ff.hers have 
been highly praised for their value as 
food or for green manuring. We finally 
obtained samples of the bean, and two 
of them are pictured at Fig. 2.o2. It is 
the common Broad or Windsor bean. In 
England every cottager or small farmer 
grows this bean, and it is about as com¬ 
mon as our Eima beans or snap beans in 
this country. They give a large crop in 
Northern Europe, and are very nour¬ 
ishing. The English people usually shell 
them out and cook while the beans are 
young and green, as they are very tough 
when permitted to mature. These beans 
are usually boiled with a sprig of pars¬ 
ley, and served with bacon, either frical 
or boih'd. There are many references to 
thetn in English literature. Those who 
have read (leorge Eliot’s story of 
“Brother Jacob,” will recall the refer¬ 
ence to them. There are two varieties of 
this jilant, Vicia Fab.a, the field or hor,se 
bean, fed largely dry to horses in Great 
Britain, and the garden broad bean. 
They have Ix'en cultivated from prehis¬ 
toric times. Our climate does not suit 
them, and they are very subject to aphis 
infestation. They can be bought from 
the seedsmen in New York for about 
one-tenth the i)rice demanded by this 
faker, who sold the beans in Maine. He 
is a fraud for claiming wliat he did about 
this common Broad bean. At any rate 
he seems to know beans, and also the soft 
side of human natui’o, for many people 
will give 2c for a bean of this sort, and 
buy them to the limit, when they would 
not pay a i)enny for some standard old 
variety which would really be of service 
to them. 
Wild Pear Seedlings 
I would suggest to IT. K. M., on page 
that he will save money and his 
serenity by pulling out all the wild pear 
seedlings he mentions and'—if he intends 
to grow a pear orchard at all—setting 
two-year Bartlett and Anjou pe:irs, 
propagated on French roots. Our na¬ 
tive seedlings, at about bearing time, 
send uji an extensive crop of root-.shoots 
that grow more and more troublesome 
until it finally becomes ncccs.sary to cut 
down and grub out the trees and roots, 
to get rid of these shoots. 
The Lincoln pear (not the “Lincoln 
Coreless,” which is worthless) is a dc- 
C-/»c RURAL NEW-YORKER 
licious i)roduction and profitable pear as 
grown here. 
.Maryliind. .JOHN r. KrJEXAX, M. n. 
Budding; Cellar Storage of Apples 
1. Will you give complete instructions 
for bud-grafting, with its adv.antages? 
2. Also give description of a cheap cold 
storage jdant, in which to i)lace api)les 
so that one or two barrels per week can 
b(! taken out to retail (pre.sent cellar 
I)referred). This would mean that a 
capacity of 40 or .oO barrels would be re¬ 
quired, Our cellar is in dry sand soil, 
hut fruit withers .some; perhai).s cellar 
is too dry. Would a tub of wuiter kept 
with fruit help this? ^ Cellar ahso gets 
below freezing when it gets I.l or 20 
deg. outdoors, but this I remedy by hang¬ 
ing lanterns near fruit, and shall bank 
house above sill line. What about ven- 
lilation? Would it be best to parti¬ 
tion fruit from the rest of cellar? No 
heating plant in cellar and we use it 
for i!icubator room. C. B, F. 
Schenectady, N. Y. 
1. Bud-grafting or budding is usually 
emjdoyed in working over small stocks 
and is seldom u.sed in top-working large 
trees. In fact it is strictly .a nursery 
operation, or used to work over young 
stock.s in the orchard a year or two 
after set. For instance. Twenty Ounce 
and King apples are often work<?d on 
Northern {Spy stock, thus eliminating to 
a certain extent the trunk weakness of 
the foimer varieties. A Northern ,Spy 
set this Spring can be budded to the 
desired variety in .Tuly or August, and 
if the bud take.s successLilly the top 
above the bud can be removed next 
{spring. The bud will then start into 
growth and will form the top of .the tree. 
The advantage in budding i.s, that 
should the bud fail to take, no damage 
has been done the tree and it can be 
either grafted the following Spring or 
budded again the next Rummer. Not 
only can the trunk be formed of the 
hardiest wood in this way, but ahso the 
scaffold branches, and the.se can, with a 
little extra work, be worked over by 
budding. If the trees have been set 
more than three years probably cleft¬ 
grafting will be preferable. 
2. If O. B. F. will divide his pre.sent 
cellar so he can hold his apple cellar at 
a uniform or fairly uniform tempera¬ 
ture, pi-eferably from 34 to 40 degrees, 
and will carefully grade and pack his 
apples in double-head barrels, he should 
have no trouble in keeping them in good 
condition until April 1st. Pack in bar¬ 
rels and put in cellar the same day 
picked. If api)les still show a tendency 
to shrivel any method that would add 
moi.sture ito the air in cellar would 
probably clu'ck shrivelling. G. R, S. 
Pear for Severe Climate 
Gan you tell me a variety of pear that 
could stand the Adirondack weather? 
We often have 20, 30, and 40 below zero 
in Winter. 1 have planted some which 
are living, but only one year planted. I 
got some nice looking apple trees last 
Fall and I intend to get more. Cherry 
trees bloomed the second year. 
Piseco, N. Y. A. ir. s. 
I woukl recommend Anjou, Rcckel, 
Flemi.sh Beauty, Winter Nells, Tyson, 
Hheldon and Lawrence, All of these va¬ 
rieties have endur<‘d 35 degrees below 
zero here without injury. Anjou is a 
little tardy in coming into bearing, but 
is a magnificent grower. Flemish 
Beauty is one of the very hardiest, and 
a very handsome and good pear at its 
best, although it needs special spraying 
in some si^ctions to keep it free from 
scab, Tyson is a very strong healthy 
grower, and although not of highest 
quality is very good for an early pear. 
SeCkel makes up in quality what it 
lacks in size, and there is no other pear 
that will quite take the place of Shel¬ 
don in its season. Winter Nelis and 
Lawrence are the very best AVinter i)ear.s 
although the former needs very thorough 
.si)raying in some Sections to pr(>vent 
.scab. G. K. R. 
Black Ben Davis Apples 
Two years ago I set out 100 Black Ben 
api)les. Now I have “cold feet,” and 
wish they were something else. Would 
you advise working them over say to 
William.s Early Red, as I have not many 
early apples, or is there as much money 
in “letting the turkey set?” Have also 
thought of Cox’s Orange Pippin. 
Kingston, N. Y. J. R. N. 
I would top-work the Black Ben trees 
to some-standard variety that has proved 
its merits under local conditions, and if 
.7. R. N. feels that he made a mistake in 
setting Black Ben, is he certain that 
William.s Eaily Red or Cox’s Orange will 
be any better than Black Ben from .a 
dollars and cents standpoint? Unless he 
has a special market for these varieties I 
ladieve he would do better to work over 
to some .standard variety that has shown 
its adaptability in his immediate neigh¬ 
borhood. AVilliams, coming as it does 
ahead of many of the attractive red Fall 
varieties, might prove i)rofitable if adapt¬ 
ed to .7. R. N.’s condition.s, and has the 
advantage of lengthening the picking 
season. Co.x’s Orange may command a 
high price as an export apple, but I 
doubt if the demand for it will ever 
amount to much in American markets. 
o. K. s. 
Scarified Sweet Clover Seed 
Charles B, V>Mng renders good service 
in oi)posing the u.se of unhulled Sweet 
clover. I have a recent letter from Mr, 
71. S. (’oe of the Bureau of Plant In- 
diistry. Department of Agriculture at 
Washington, in which he says: “I have 
never favoixKl Winter seeding of Sweet 
clover unless it is with unhulh'd seed, 
and since the chances of obtaining stands 
with unhulled seed are so much le.ss than 
where good scarified S(*ed is used, I try 
to discourage the sowing of it.” 
The North Dakota Agricultural ('ol- 
lege has recently i.ssued a warning 
against using the unhulled seed both be¬ 
cause of the uncertainty of the results 
and because the small seed and imma¬ 
ture .seed is included which would nat¬ 
urally be blown out in preparing the 
scarified seed. Unhulled seed when al¬ 
lowed to take its time and choose its place 
is all right, but it do<!S not work well 
where a whole field is wanted to be 
brought at once into Rweet clover. 
(Mlumbia Co., N. Y. n.vrus c. s.MiTir. 
Bean Harvesters 
The (luestion of whether bean har¬ 
vesters “pay” or not is rather compli¬ 
cated. In large fields with long rows it 
would be a very serious problem to hire 
men enough to pull the beans by hand. 
Under such conditions it would be cheap¬ 
er to pull by machine unless there was 
some special reason for desiring to keep 
a large number of men employed. In 
small fields, and especially with short 
rows, it i.s often cheaper to pull by hand. 
In any case it is a very unpleasant job 
to pull beans by hand, and most farm 
laborers prefer to fork the beans out of 
the rows left by the puller even if it is 
harder work and ratln>r more dirty. The 
case of the corn harvester i.s very simil.ar. 
A good man can cut corn about as cheap 
as it can be done with a binder, and the 
corn will be in better shape, liut it is 
very hard work, and the tendency in farm 
work, as everywhere else, is to get away 
from hand work as much as po.ssibh*. 
imm 
Farm, Garden and Orchard Took 
An.swer the farmers’ big questions. 
How can I frrow crops with less help? 
How dig potatoes with fewer horses 
and men? How save every tuber 
before the frost and in time for the 
best market? 
tRONAGEpota^°mger 
will dig your potatoes in two- 
tliirds tlio usual time. Saves two 
horses for other work. Operated 
by 4 1-2 H. F. air-cooled “Now 
Way’’Engine. You can stop the 
Digger nr.d the engine will clear 
the machine. Automatic throw- 
out clutch prevents breakage. 
Enidne Is guicitly Intorchanscablo 
for 1 ron Aue Knitine Sprayer. Wonho 
muku tliroo other atyles, ono of which 
will 8ur**ly moot your condition. V/e 
make a full lino of uotato tEachinery. 
Send for booklet today. 
Bateman M’f’* Co., Bor 2N Grenloch, N. J. 
Absolutely true to name. Have sold 
seed from the same field for three years. 
All weeds arc hand pulled. 99.75 pure. 
We have letters saying that while all ordi¬ 
nary .'\lfalfa was killed our Grimm went through^ 
the winter in fine shape. Ask for samples and price. 
O. M. spOTT & SONS CO., 330 Main St., Marysville, Ohio 
Guaranteed Genuine 
. ^r% • Everlasting m H A In 
lirimm Altaifa 
Does not winterkill like other varietiea, putyielde them and la 
ofhotter feedlnK value. Booklefiiow I Vuscoverca Inc Or.iian 
Alfatja" with seud aumpio, tree. 
A. B. LYMAN, Grimm Alfalfa Introducer 
AUalfadale Farm, Excelsior, Ulnn. 
INOCULATE AND 
SOY BEANS-.vr 
Prepared for Alfalfa, Clover, all legumes 
50 ct», per acre; 6 acres, 
A one acre liottle inoculates 90 Itis. seed 
.'■'emi for SO-tiage book on legumes 
TIIF. EGGEKT OIlEMIOAL. OO., Canton, Ohio 
Iteld’B Yellow Dent, Early I.«iuiiingand 
WhitoCJap. $2.60 per bu. Haiii|)lcs and 
Catalog free. THEO. BURT S SONS, Melrots, 0. 
O. M 
Wc have several vai-ieties 
of excellent finality; both early 
and late. Also Inoculator. Ank 
for prices and catalog. 
SCOTT & SONS CO.,540 Main St.,Marysville, 0.1 
sM-Cow Peas-Soy Beans-Scarlei Clover Seed 
.JOSEI’II E. HOI.LAND, Alilfortl, Delaware 
Binder Twine 
Granges, Farmer Clubs get our price 
Farmer agents wanted. Sample and 
circular free. Theo, Burl S Som, Melfeie, 0. 
IS ALFALFA 
Free from weed seeds and 
waste matter. Kansas, Montana, 
Dakota, also Grimm and Cossack. 
O.M. Scott & Sons Co., 240 Main St., Marysville, Ohio 
Get Low Prices 
on Berry Boxes 
and 
Baskets 
Write for our 
Free Oatolog! Shows you how you 
can save money by buying direct 
from the Innjeat Berry Box and. 
Banket Factory in the Country. 
New Albany Eax& Basket Co.. Box 111 New Albany .Ind, 
Cabbage and Tomato Plants 
Grown in lleliM'roin best selected seed. $1.75 per 1,000 
by express. K'sipaid, 100—50c.; 300—$1.25; 600—$2; 
1,000—$2.76. Special prices In lots. Leading vai lcties 
of other jilants in season. Full count—carefully p.-icked 
—Imiucdiute shipment. OAKLIN FARM, Salisbury, N. C, 
100 Sf. Regis and 6 Moores Early Grape Vines 
by P. Post lor 81 ALEX. HEGGAN, Jr., Waterford, N. J. 
CTDAIAIDCDnV PLANTS—Host Everbearing. Al.'o 
O I tlAVlDCnil I stuiiclard Juno fruiting varieties. 
VCftCTARI CQ ALL KINDS. Get my price on plants 
WCUCIH01.kO sent l>y itareel post, prepaid, and 
sitecial price on largo orders. tl. E. FIEI.I), Sewoll, S. J. 
Our Fine PALMETTO ASPARAGUS R00TS.»5roar 
B5c. per 100, postpaid. WEETUCKET FARMS, Mt.Tabor.N. J. 
A CP A D A nic ROOTS. 1 yr. old. $2 per 1.000 ; 2 yr. old. $3 
Aoi AKAUUo pj.!* 1 000. llorBo Kadinh 8Cts, $.3 per l.OUO* 
Onion lMant«, CabliaKc, Bc’ctfl, Lotiuco, $1 per l.Oufl. Pepr era, 
Sweet potato, $2 per 1,000. Ekk Plantu ajwl GaiiliiTowrr. $3 uer 
1,000. Send for LiKt. J. C, SCHMIDT, Bristol, pa. 
PI Aster, Heet, Oaulillower, Cab., 
A T 1 J Celery, Kgg Plant, Let., Pansy, 
Pep.j’S. I’ota., Xoin'a. State how innny you need. 
Wo quote |ire])aid. CLICK PLANT FARM, Snioketown, Pa. 
100 St. Regis Everbearing RASPBERRY PLANTS 
by Pared Post, $1. PAUL L. HEGGAN. Waterford, N. J. 
Stravfberry Plants and Asparagus Roots vJie"tuido 
P lants in season. Write for doseriptive caialog. 
ENROSE PLANT AND TRUCK FARM, W. P. Drake Dover, Del. 
TOMATO SEEb-NewStone •-iGreaterBaltiniore 
Pound iiostiigepiiid. $1..')0. Hooking ordei s for Sweet 
Potato ami other Vuged,able plants. Send for de- 
aeiiptive list. H. AU.STIN, Pelton, Delaware 
Millions of Cabbage and Tomato Plants 
After .May Llth wo ran furnish all kinds of cabbage 
and tomato plains at SSI per 1,000. No order too 
largo for us to fill. Send for price list; 
Romance Seed & Plants Farms, C. BoobsS Co.,Cheswold. Del. 
h, STRAWBERRY PLANTS a 
BY MAIL OR EXPRESS PREPAID 
The biir. proHtJiblo varictu;«, caily. iniit-iieaHon, laft* ond 
uvcrbi’HrinR. All Icndinir vurictics Raspberry, Blackberry, 
Gooseberry, Currant, Grape, Asparagus. R h u ba r b , 
Horseradish and Flowering Plants; and Fruit Trees. 
Also Early Vegetable Plants 
Cabbage, Tomato, Beet, Lettuce, Cauliflower, Celery. 
Sweet Potato, Pepper and Egg Plants. Largu orHmiill lots. 
Fir.Ht cUhm plants iind safo delivery guaranteed. CatalDg free. 
HARRY L. SQUIRES, GOOD GROUND, N. Y. 
PRooREsiivI StrawberryPlants 
Clrauihorru «ND VEGETABLE PLANTS. All leading va- 
OUaTfUcl IJ viotios in soiison.iiK'ltnling tlie Pro¬ 
gressive Kail Rearing Send for Cat. David Rodway. Harlly, Del. 
STRAWBERRY PHHTS 
Catalogue Fi-e< Hiisil I’erry, Georoetown, Delaware 
All Kinds of FruitTrees 
for sale very reasonalde. 
ALEX. HEGGAN,Waterford.N.J. 
I’’. A.GUKKNSKY & CO.,Inc.,.Sohoharle, N.Y. 
LARGE WHOLESALE pD||lT •"“* Ori.a- 
GROWERS OF ‘ * * i^*^-*-**^ m en tain 
Established 27 yours. A.SK EOlt OUlt I’KICES. 
I NUT CULTURE 
disculiHed by experts. OflictalJournal. 
$1.25 a year; sample, 15c. AMKitl.jAN 
Nut Journal - RocbcBbT, N.Y. 
NUT TREES 
start right with my liiirdy 
Penu!»ylvania giowii gruftid 
trees and avoid disai>poiMt- 
munt. Handsumo cataluguo 
free. 
J. F. JONES 
THE NUT TREE SPECIALIST 
Box R, Lancaster, Pa. 
Standard Fruit Books 
Successful Fruit Culture. Maynard... .$1.00 
The Nursery Book. Bailey. 1.60 
The PruiiiiiK Book. Bailey. 1.60 
American Fruit Culturist. Thomas..., 2.60 
Citrus Fruits, Hume. 2.60 
California Fruits. Wickson. 3.00 
Dwarf Fruit Trees. Waugh.60 
Plums and Plum Culture. Waugh. 1.60 
Fruit Rancliing in British Colutnhia. 
Bealhy . 1.60 
Farm and Garden Rule Book .2.00 
Live Stock — Poultry 
Types and Breeds of Farm Animals. 
Plumb .$2.00 
Poultry Feeding and Management. 
Dry den ...•. 1.60 
Swine in America. Coburn.2.60 
Diseases of Animals. Mayo. 1.50 
Principles of Breeding. Davenport.2.60 
FOR SALE BY 
Rural New-Y«rker, 333 W. 30th St., NewYork 
