738 
RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Event Oe Laval equipped 
with Bell Speed-Indicator 
CREAM SEPARATOR 
T hese are the days when you are getting more milk in the 
pnilf and with butter-fat at its present high price you want to 
he dead sure that you are getting nJI the cream out of the pail. 
You certainly can’t afford to feed butter-fat to the calves and 
pigs at from 30 to 40 cents a pound. 
All sorts of “claiwi.s” are made for various cream separators, 
but what you are looking for is '‘'proof.” 
Here is the most convincing kind of proof that the De Laval is 
the cleanest skimming machine: 
Fifteen years ago there were a dozen different makes of 
creamery or factory separators in use. 
Today the creamerymen and large milk plants the world over 
use the De Laval almost exclusively. In fact, it’s hard to find a 
large cream producer or creameryman who will allow any separator 
• other than a De Laval in his plant, no 
matter what the price. 
Why? Because they have found that 
it makes a difference of several thousand 
dollars a year to them whether a De 
Laval or some other make of machine is 
used. They simply can’t afford to use 
any other machine. 
. This is proof of De Laval closer skim¬ 
ming that you can’t afford to ignore. 
Even if you don’t separate as much 
cream as the creameryman, you can’t 
afford to waste it any more than he can. 
Your local De Laval agent will be 
clad to let you try out a New De Laval 
on your own place. If you don’t know 
the local agent, write to our nearest 
office for catalog or other information. 
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO. 
165 Broadway, New York 29 E. Madison St., Chicago 
50,000 BRANCHES AND LOCAL AGENCIES THE WORLD OVER 
FARMERS 'nO.'5, A,'POISON 
POWERFUL *l>iSINFECTANT 
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2712 Dickinsou blreet 
KendalCs Spavin Treatment 
The oldt reliable remedy you can de-| 
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Ringbone or lameness. Thou*. 
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jk Get a bottle from your dru^^ist.l 
a PriceperbottJe$l»6for$5.*Treat-l 
Ise on the Horse** Free at drug-l 
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Send for 
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High or low wheels-* 
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Wagon parts of all 
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any running gear. 
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YOU NEED 
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^ I wa’*t it In ovory farm and city homo 
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Gives all improvements; all Gallo- to TO bu. cap. 
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you how we build this 
apreador In the (lalloway 
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torloo. Tells why wo can eell at 
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GALLOWAY GASOLINE ENGINES 
This book will tell you why you should Insist on a 
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SANITARY CREAM SEPARATORS 
This book is chock full of cream separator 
facts. It tells you why I can sell you the 
best separator ever built for less money 
than any other cream separator manufac¬ 
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which you get the service. It tells all about 
our five eellinB plans and our 90-day trial on your 
farm. Every sale backed by $25,000 guarantee 
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tion what you are interested in. 
I^m. QallowayiPres.iWm. uailoway 1 
Farm Implement Mfg. Specialists 
277 ilalloway Sta., Waterloo, Iowa 
The Standardization of Herd Milk 
I’ART II. 
Sk.v.so.nai, Vaki.\tio.xs. —Tho follow- 
iiii; table is prosontod to show the effect 
of season of the year upon the per cent, 
of fat and .solids not fat in herd milk. 
The table is li;is<'d fm the records of nine 
lactatifin periods on three .Ter.sey, four 
Holstein, one < tii(*rn.«e.v and one A.vr- 
shir(‘ cow. All these cow.s calved in ,lau- 
nary between the ye.ir and lOK? and 
milked for at least ten months. 
Tabi.f I. 
.Month 
Fat ' 
% S. N. F. 
.raiiuary .. 
. :’..0.5 
8.70 
Fcbniai v .. 
. 2.02 
8.77 
JMiirfli .... 
. 2.7(» 
8.50 
.Vpril . 
Mav .. 
8.02 
.Time. 
8.22 
.liilv . 
8.10 
.Vugnst ..., 
8.20 
Sciiteinher . 
. 2.8:; 
8.^5 
< ictobor ... 
. 4.02 
8.72 
'Tho tjtblo 
slioAvs that (luring 
the Sum- 
iiior months 
the per C(‘nt. of 
fiit and 
solids not fat show a decided deere.iso. It 
<au be see|i th.at the jxt cent, of solids 
not fat decreas(‘d faster than the ix>r 
cent, of fat. I’he fat drops fiom U.UTi in 
.lamiary to in .Tune, a difference of 
; while the solids* not fat drop from 
S.TT in February to S.lO in .Inly, a dif¬ 
ference of .1)7The figures show plain- 
l.v that ill the Spring and Summer months 
! milk may he well above the stand.'trd W 
I fat and yet below the standards for 
; solids not fat. In view of this fact it 
would seem unwise and unjust to jii’ose- 
ciite becjiu.se milk w.‘is below the standard 
for .solids not fat when it was above tlie 
standard for fat. unless some proof of 
adulteration rvas furnished. 
Ekfkct of Seasox ox T.ow-Tektt.\(: 
IIeki).—A m.in witli a herd of low-test¬ 
ing Cows that m:iy avenige jihove the 
stiindaid for fjit for the year, is coti- 
fronted with tin* lu-oldem of keeiiing hi< 
milk above tin* fjit standard during tin* 
Summer months. 'The <'onnecticut stat¬ 
ute rejids as lu’eviously stated, that law¬ 
ful milk shall contain Lit. S.o^.^ 
solids not fat. jind 11.7o total solids. It 
state.s in Section 2 “No per.son shall sell 
or exchange, or offer for sjile or exchange, 
or luive in his possession with intent to 
sell or exchange, as of .standard <iualit.v, 
any milk which is not of standard quality 
or b.v the addititui of any foreign sub¬ 
stance or whieh has been wholly or in 
part skimmed.” 
MkTHOD.S of Si AND.XKDIZIXO. —How 
slmll the man witli the l<nv-testing cows 
go about it to raise the per cent, of fat 
in his milk above the standard? Obvi- 
ou.sly the first step is to mix the herd 
milk as heretofore descrilied and find out 
what the jiver.ige test of the herd milk is. 
'Phe individuals in the herd should next 
be tested, because there are always some 
low and some high te.s-ters in the herd. 
He may then purchase enough cows of a 
high-testing breed to raise the ])er cent, 
of fiit to the .stiindiird without disjtosing 
of any of his cows, or he may sell some 
of the low testers and rejilace them wfith 
higher testing cows. In a large herd 
this is a big propositioin. and Avliou fig¬ 
ured out it will b<^ found that it takes 
half as many or more high-testing cows 
to accomiilish the desired result. Other 
ways of helping out on the iiroiiositioii 
are to use the milk of the low-testing 
cows for calf feeding and withdrawing a 
few pounds of the o^'r milk from the 
other cows and use the remaiudi*r for 
market purposes. 
Rat.sixu The F.\t Test.—O f cour.sp, 
the simplest way to raise the fat test is 
to seijarate some of the milk and mi.x 
the crojim with the renuiindm* of the herd 
milk. AVhile a case of this kind has never 
been tried in the courts jukI it is impos¬ 
sible to state what decision might lie 
handed down, this act, according to tin* 
State statute is a violation of the law as 
ci-eam is considered under the head of a 
“foreign substance.” The principal ob¬ 
jection that has been held foi'tii jigjiinst 
this praetice is that the natural rjitio be¬ 
tween the fat and solids not fat is dis¬ 
turbed. The solids not fat in cream are 
le.ss than they are in milk, .so that adding 
cream to milk to rai.se the fat test makes 
the solid.s not fat test still lower. This 
objection is of little conse(|ueuee as can 
be showui by Avorking an actual problem. 
One huiidrcd j>oumls of r.9f milk rejiuire 
L85 lbs. of .“>0% cream to raise the fat 
test to Three per cent, milk con¬ 
tains about 8 . 29 <i .solids not fat and /, 
milk S.0% Solids not fat. Thii'ty per 
cent, cream contains 0.G% solids not fat. 
Tlie addition of 1.8.5 lbs. of WO’^/c cre:mi 
to 100 lbs. of 2.0% milk could lower the 
percentage of solids not fat one-tenth of a 
per cent., so that in the resulting 2.5% 
milk we should have 8.1% .solids not fat, 
while in 2.5% milk from the cow there 
would normally be 8.(5% .solids not fat, a 
difference of ..5%. It i.s. however, clearly 
shown in Table I that this condition may 
exist normally under Summer conditions. 
The metlufds certainly has much in its 
favor. It really seems the only practical 
method for a man Avith a birge number of 
low-testing cows to keep his milk above 
the fjit standard during the Summer 
months. 
Formula For Staxdakdizixg.—T he 
farmer confronted with the problem of 
standardizing milk must be able to figure 
out how miicli of the richer milk or cream 
is needed to solve the problem. This is 
May 2i5, 1017. 
accomplished by n-sing the following 
formula : 
a :-: = c-b 
: (' : 
b = ji-c 
;i = per coat. f;it in richer milk, 
b =r per cent, fjit in milk jit hand, 
c = i)ev cent, fat desired in .standard¬ 
ized milk. 
c-b = jjjirts a ru use. 
ii-c =: jiarts 1) t-i use. 
For example, ji man has 1(> ci.ws giv¬ 
ing .2(K) lbs. of milk djtiiy. IIoav 
niiiuy cows gh-iiig 2.5 ll)s. of 5% milk 
daily must be purehasfsl t<> raise the test 
of the herd milk to 2.4'^;. 
5 .2 pjirts f)f milk 
I 
2.1 i.(5 pjtrts 2.1% milk 
This shoAvs that o'r milk and 3,1 
milk must always be mixed together in 
the projjoi-tion of .2 of a pound of 5% 
milk and l.Ii lb.s. of milk. Since 
there are 200 lbs. of milk on nand it Avill 
take as many lbs. of 5% milk ;is 1.0 is 
contained in 200 multipHed by .2. 
.200-4-1.0 = 187.5. 
187.5 X .2 = 50.2.5 lbs. 7>', ( milk re¬ 
quired. 
50.2.5 -4- 25 = 2 -f- or cows. 
B.v the appiifation of the formul;i any 
I>robl(“m in staiubirdization may be 
solved. These problems cjin all be proA'ed 
by finding the amount of fat in the in¬ 
gredients u.sed imd the jniun'iit in the 
standardized product. They should equal 
each other as for example iii above prob¬ 
lem. 
.■',00 K .0.21 = 0.2 Ills, fjit in ll)s. milk. 
50.2.5 X .05 = 2..xI lbs. f.-it iu 5<5.2.5 lbs. 
5^ (, milk. 
0..’i-i-2.8l rz 1’J.ll i’es. fat in low and 
high testing milk. 
250.-J5 X.‘5.4 = 12.11 lbs. fjit in -2.50.25 
lbs. ,■',.4% unlk. 
. 11. F. .JIDKtXS. 
Crops and Fzurm News 
prices arc soaring out of sight; bnin, F2.10 
IKT cwt.; hay, ?1 cwt.; grass Is very back¬ 
ward. Milk. 8c ix-r uuurt; butter, 28c at the 
stores, but most of the farmers lire selling tUeir 
cream, shipping to Indianapoli.s. Tiiey gin. 
43 per cent, for butterfat. AA'lieat is coming 
out tine since warm Aveattier h;is set in. .Scarce¬ 
ly any rye raised in tliis county. .Main crop is 
tobacco. Some farmers made smalt fortunes in 
their last year’s crop. Fanners are going to 
raise more corn, potatoes and oats this year: 
corn is selling at SI.3,5 J>cr Im. AA*. B. 
Triuiiile Co., Mo. 
AVlicat, $2.75; rye, ctirn. .“Sl.TS; oats, 80c; 
milk, wholesale. 5Vac; frelglit off cc; butter, _r,0 
to S.'c; eggs, 36 to 40c; old bens, live, 2r,c; 
dressed, 28c per lb.; hogs, dressed. 22e. Cows, 
fat, that have been milked out. from S40 to 
SlOO; veal calves, 13 to 14c, live weight. I 
sold a Holstein bull just two year.s old, for 
.SlOO; would weigh l.OCHt or l.loo lbs. We have 
(liilte a lot of asparagus; ship to Xew York; 
prices last week, S.3.2o to .^4.r,o jK;r doz. Old 
potatoes. S8.r,0 per bu. Corniiiejii, S70 per ton; 
gluten. l)est. S.AO; wliciit. I,raii, ?."0, and still 
going up. II. S. S. 
Bucks Co. Pa. 
After a dr.r-. I'all aud AA’intcr farmers began 
their farm Mork early Some .sowed oat.s as 
early as February 20. Ground never was known 
to Avork nicer. One harroAving put ground In 
excellent shape for planting. Com also was 
planted early, some April 1. Dry Aveather pre¬ 
vailed up to about April 27, Avliiclt ha.s been 
followed by excessive Avet Aveather and cold 
Avlnds. At present it looks as thotigli a large 
percentage of corn Avill Imve to be planteif over. 
Pastures are making slow growth, but many 
are iK-ginning to turn cattle on tiieni and stoji 
feeding dry feeds. Prospects for alt kinds of 
fniit. except peuclies, are good. Tlie Isdow zero 
Aveatlier killed peaches In this locality. Wheat 
Avintered poorly on account of dry weather aud 
absence of snoAV ooA'ering. A'ery little rye sown 
liere. It seemed to Avinter better than wlieat. 
AA'heat Avill average about 60 per cent, of crop. 
A great deal avjis jilowed up and soavu to oats 
ancl corn. Bran sells at ?2.40 CAvt.; baled 
Timotliy hay, ^120 ttni; prairie. 817 to 818; milk, 
sells at 81 f(,r 8 <iuarts: some give Id ipiarts. 
Pettis Co.. Mo. D. C. K. 
The feed siliiiltion looks bad. The meadows 
are in bad condition and many are liclng plowed 
up. A er.v fcAv oats soAA-n. AVlieat is very poor. 
A large jiroportion of the potatoes planted early 
rotteil. Our dependence will be corn and the 
season is .so backAvard that lots of it Avill imve 
to be planted late. Belling prices of feeii arc; 
Bran, 82.2." per cwt., not for sale by the ton; 
honiin.v meal. 82.9.5: corn. $1.60 bu.; oats, 82..’id 
per cwt.; i,otatoes, $7.50 to S8.",d ]>er bbl.; Hour, 
.'*:i.9.'> i>er 24-H,. sack; eggs, STc doz.; butter, 40c. 
Clark Co., lad. W. P. 
AA'e arc jtjiying $2..",0 iier lOtj for bran; 82.t',‘> 
f,,r sliorts. .$3 for hominy Itcarts. Corn sells at 
.$1.55 per bushel; Avheat, $2.85; oats, 05c: Clover 
seetf. .$9..50: hogs. $15 to $1(!; cows, $6 to $9; 
slieop, .$4 to .$9: liens, 19c: turke.vs, 20c: eggs. 
32c: butter, 30c; hay, $li!. Cream sells for 43i' 
jter lb. butterfat. Not much Avheat Avas sown and 
Ave liad a hard AA'lntei* on it. But Aslieat aud rye 
are botli looking aa'cII. I»ts of oats Avere soavii. 
Some corn ih planted, but is not up. Iljive had 
lots of cobi rains and several light frosts. 
Boone Co., lud. J. E. F. 
Bran and middlings, .$50 ton; corn ears, $2.-56 
CAvt.: oats. 90c bu. AVheut varies Avitliiii a 
radius of 12 miles from $2.50 to .$3 bu.; rye, 
$2 bu.; horse feed from $2.80 to $3.25 cwt.; 
tjrcAvers’ grains, $52 tou. Potatoes, $3.50 bu.: 
butter, .52c; eggs, 38c doz. Eggs are hati-hing 
AA-ell in (Ills section, but liens are not laying 
ver.v Avell. AVheat is looking badl.v, but rye is 
good. Grass very short. Outs all planted?. Po 
tatoes are most all in the ground, larger acre 
age tlian usual. Corn ground nearly all plowed, 
but oAvlng to the cold weattier not any is 
planted. Ground has been very dry. 
Warren Co., X. J. A. S. P. 
