872 
•Che RURAL NEW-YORKER 
July 14, 1917. 
limcstonfi gave an increase in the amount 
of jdant growth and in the nitrogen cou- 
t<*nt. In tlie Sierra sandy loam an .n- 
crease in tlie fimmess of the limestone 
gave a reduction in the plant growth and 
in the nitrogen eojitent. An average of 
four of the soils shows that the 200- 
niesh linn'stonc gave fully a third more 
growth and about a half more nitrogen 
content than the 20. In most soils it 
gave as good or better results than 
burned lime. After harvesting the crop 
the lime requirement of the soils was 
again tested, and it was found that the 
200-mesli stone was of rather greater 
lasting benefit than the burned lime. It 
is suggested that this may be because 
the burned lime neutralizes the acid 
quickly and then allows more to accumu¬ 
late, while the action of the ground stone 
is more gentle and sustained. 
The writer also says that he is carry¬ 
ing on ex))eriments Avhich indicate that an 
increase in the fineness of the ground 
limestone aids the activities of the soil 
organisms which aid in nitrogen fixation 
and those which render nitrogen more 
available. 
On the other hand, experiments on the 
effect of leaching in an open .sandy soil 
indicate that the 00-mesh stone is better 
than that either coar.ser or finer. It is 
suggested that this result is due to the 
washing of the fine particles down below 
the root zone. From a study of the 
whole article one might suggest that the 
best way to apply lime was in the' form 
of ground limestone made as fine as pos¬ 
sible, so long as it w’as not finer than the 
soil where it was to be used. 
AI.FRED C. WEED. 
"Wayne County, X. Y. 
A Ship of Concrete 
Some years ago, at the Xew York 
State Fair, an agent of a concrete com- 
l)any asked us to give him some 
new idea about the usm? of con¬ 
crete. We told him of a scow or 
(lat-bo‘'tom boat that had been built for 
use in an Atlantic seaport. He said he 
did in t believe that such a thing was 
l)ossibl?. although it was his business to 
«laim that conci’ete could be used for 
I'verytbing from the foundation of a mam¬ 
moth liuilding to the frame of an airship 
or the wings of an angel! 
In the discussion which followed all 
agi’eed that a concrete ship was im- 
l>ossible. It now appears that con¬ 
crete barges have been in use for sev¬ 
eral years, and that conciade re-enforced 
ships are now being built. The Portland 
Cement Association sends the incture 
shown at Fig. .TT"), page (S71, as proof of 
this. It seems that a small boat with re- 
enforc('d concrete was built by a French¬ 
man in 1840, and is still in .service after 
(>8 yeai s. Concrete lighters have been used 
for this at Chesapeake Bay, and the pic¬ 
ture ar Fig. 055, shows a 500-ton vessel 
just 1 unching. The sides of this .ship 
are 2’ .j inches thick, and are re-enforced 
with steel rods. These barges are used 
for carrying stones with groat success. 
It s'ems that concrete barges have been 
user on the Ibinama Canal, and later de- 
veloiiment is found in concrete jiontoons. 
O'hese are 120 feet long, 8 feet deep and 
28 feet wide, and very thoroughly re-en¬ 
forced. 
In Norway a number of such concrete 
vessels are being constructed—some of 
them carrying as much as 400 tons. Ap¬ 
parently the frame is made of .steel and 
the concrete thoroughly worked upon 
this .These ships are to be used for car¬ 
rying iron ore or coal. It seems incredi¬ 
ble that such a thing should be done, 
and yet there is no dodging the fact. It 
may be that this type of vessel will be 
limited to coast and rWer service, but it 
simply adds another string to the bow of 
concrete, and another use for this most 
remarkable substance. 
Live Stock in the Orchard 
I have had great success in control of 
the Codling worm in apple.s, by turning 
.‘;heep or hogs in the orchard as soon as 
any apples drop. The sheep and hogs 
eat the dropped applet, most of which 
contain a worm, and materially lessen 
the second crop of Codling moths which 
lay the eggs making the worm that stays 
in the apple until harvested. If one is 
unable to keep live stock in the orchard, 
the same result may oe obtained by pick¬ 
ing up these drops daily, and putting 
them in the hog or sheep pasture. I 
have practised this li m stock cure for the 
Codling worm succe sfiilly many times, 
and have heai,’’ from many friends to 
whom I have recommended the plan, 
stating that they have found it success¬ 
ful. w. F. E. 
EVENTS OF THE WEEK 
DOMESTIC.—Werner Horn, the Ger¬ 
man reservist, who attempted to blow up 
the international bridge over the St. 
Civ ix Biver, at Vanceboro, Me., in Feb- 
ru ry, 1915, was sentenced to 18 months 
in the Atlanta Penitentiary by Federal 
Judge Morton at Bo.ston June 27. In 
addition, a fine of .$1,000 was impo.sed. 
The specific charge was that of illegally 
transporting dynamite on a passenger 
train. Judge Morton, in passing sen¬ 
tence, said Horn’s offense called for the 
maximum penalty. 
Nationwide investigation by the At¬ 
torney-General of societies that encour¬ 
age correspondence between women and 
inmates of prisons and reformatories was 
dejnanded June 28 in Congress 
in a resolution introduced by Rep¬ 
resentative Rodenberg of Illinoi.s. The 
resolution cited specifically the Orien¬ 
tal Esoteric Library League of 
Washington and asked investigation also 
of similar organizations. The league has 
encouraged corresiiondence of its women 
members with criminals. The resolution 
was introduced as a result of the charges 
made by the Charities Department in 
New Yoi-k. Long term pri.soners, under 
the jurisdiction of Burdette G. Lewis, 
Commissioner of Correction, were main¬ 
taining a regular correspondence with 
girls whose names were supplied by the 
O. E. Library laiague until the Commis¬ 
sioner put a stop to the practice, accord¬ 
ing to a statement made June 27 by Mr. 
Lewi.s. 
.Tes.se Williamson 2d, a social leader, 
was sentenced at Philadelphia June 29 
to not less than eight nor more than 24 
years.’ _ imprisonment and fined $1,000 
on indictments charging embezzlement of 
approximately $725,000 of tru.st funds of 
the Peniusylvania Company for the In¬ 
surance of Lives and Granting of Annu¬ 
ities. He was secretary of the company, 
which made good all the losfes. 
Two mills of the Du Pont de Nemours 
Powder Company, near Aguiiar, Col., were 
wrecked by an explosion June 29. Three 
workmen are reported dead and a score or 
more_ injured. The cause of the explo¬ 
sion is unknown. 
Soldiers, sailors and marines broke U]) 
a Socialist parade and anti-conscription 
demonstratioii in riots centring on Bos¬ 
ton Common J’-'- 1. Soeiali.sts were 
beaten and forced to ki.ss the flag on their 
knees. The headquarters of the Social 
ists was raided and wrecked. Furniture 
and pamphlets were thrown into the 
street and burned. Red flags were taken 
from paraders and torn to bits. Socialist 
bands were forced to play “The Star 
Sjiangled Banner.” For three hours the 
rioting raged on the common and in 
about Park Square, where the offices of 
the Socialist party of Massachusetts are. 
engaged numbered about 
10 . 000 . 
Beginning .Tuly 1 the exportation from 
Mexico of corn, Avheat, rice, black beans 
and flour is jirohibited. Exportation of 
peas, onions, Spanish beans, lima beans, 
lentils, bran and sugar will be allowed 
only on special permit from the Treasury 
Department. 
Two car lengths of the roadbed of the 
Groat Gorgre Kontc trolloy lino at Xia?:- 
ara Falks, near the Cantilever Bridge slid 
from beneath the tracks July 1. Fifteen 
‘minutes later a trolley car bound from 
Lewiston to Buffalo and loaded with 
about 95 passengers many of th<>m 
student army officers from the Fort Ni¬ 
agara Training Camp, struck the weak 
spot in the track while running at the 
sjteed of twenty miles an hour. The car 
left the track.s, turned a somersault in 
the air and plunged down a twenty-foot 
embankment to the whirlpool rapids of 
the falls, where it turned over in 30 feet 
of water and crushed most of the pas¬ 
sengers beneath. Ten were killed and 
others are missing. 
During race riots at Ea.st St. Louis, 
Ill., July 2-.‘k .84 negroes and three white 
men were killed, eight negroes burned to 
death in their homes, 150 negro houses 
burned, freight cars, a theatre and other 
projierty destroyed to the value of 
.$1,000,000, and over .500 white riotei's 
arrested. "White^ women and girls joined 
the mob, attacking colored women and 
children. The riot was staidcd by a fight 
in Avhich two white men were killed. 
Secret investigation by Government 
agents has disclosed the existence of a 
great_ conspiracy to d<>stroy or hinder 
shipping on tlu" great lakes and tlu'reby 
delay organization of American aianies 
and check the flow of food and munitions 
material fi-om tin* Western States to the 
Atlantic coast. This plot, engineered by 
Germans assisted by sympathizing Amer¬ 
ican citizens, is believed to have been re¬ 
sponsible for the succession of “accidents” 
to lake shipping, especially in the neigh¬ 
borhood of the Sault Ste. Marie Canal, 
which began about a month ago. 'Phe 
steamships Saxonia and I’entecost Mit¬ 
chell were sunk at the mouth of the Soo 
River with evident intention of blocking 
the channel. 
FARM' AND GARDEN.—Govern¬ 
ment plans for food contivtl. according to 
a statement given out there June 28 by 
President Griffin of the Chicago Board 
of Trade, include absolute control of the 
wheat trade in all its commercial aspects. 
There can be no speculation in it. Buy¬ 
ing and selling of other grains for pres¬ 
ent or future delivery will be unre¬ 
stricted. 
The British army sends between 400 
and 500 horses a week to Paris butchers 
to be slaughtered and put on sale in the 
horse meat markets. The French army 
furnishes a smaller number. The total 
makes such an important contribution to 
the feeding of Paris that the horse 
butchers are u.sing it as an argument 
against the closing of their establish¬ 
ments two days a week along with the 
ether butchers. Five thousand horses 
are .slaughtered each month at the Vau- 
girard stock yards. 
At the meeting of the members of the 
American Rose Society at the Arlington 
Rose Test Garden on .Tune 4, it Avas re- 
^Red to present a gold flag emblem to 
Dr. W. Van Fleet in recognition of the 
AA'ork he had accomplished in the raising 
of new seedling roses of merit for the 
garden. 
B.v far the largest and mo.st valuable 
consignment of thoroughbreds CA’cr landed 
in this country reached NeAV York July 
2 from France on the Mongolia of the 
Atlantic Transport Line. In all this 
steamship brought over 314 head, the ma¬ 
jority being the products of the studs 
maintained in France by American breed¬ 
ers and consigned to the Fasig-Tipton 
Company of this city to be sold during 
the August race meeting at Saratoga. 
At the annual coin’ention of the Amer¬ 
ican Seed Trade Association at Detroit 
the folloAving officers Avere elected: Pi-es- 
ident. F, W. Bolgiano, Washington. D. 
C.; fir.st vice-T)resldent. W. G. Scarlett, 
Baltimore, Md.; second vice-president, 
DaAud Burpee. Philadeli)hia; secretar.v- 
treasurer, G. E. Kendel, Cleveland, 0‘; 
assistant secretary-treasurer, Kirby B. 
White, Detroit. Mich. Invitations for the 
next_ convention city Avere received from 
Cincinnati, Columbus. San Francisco, 
New York City, and Odar Point, Ohio. 
A_ recent order of the Department of 
Agriculture modifies the regulations goA'- 
orning the importation of potatoes into 
the United States by jicrmitting, free of 
restrictions, the importation of potatoes 
from any foreign country into IlaAvaii 
for local use onl.A' and from the Dominion 
of Canada and Bermuda into the United 
States or any of its territories or dis¬ 
tricts. This new order became effective 
July 1. 
WASHINGTON.—The Senate agricul¬ 
ture committee by a A'ote of 8 to 7. .Tune 
27, rejected the sub-committee’s proliibi- 
tion amendment to the food control bill 
and adopted in its stead. 9 to 7, a pro¬ 
vision under Avhich the President Avould 
have authority to permit the manufac¬ 
ture of wines only. This is more drastic 
than the sub-committee’s plan but a 
.slight moderation of the House “dry” ])ro- 
vision. As it now stands, the use of 
foodstuffs in the manufacture of beer and 
distilled liquors A\mnld be flatly prohibit¬ 
ed AA’hile the President ootild exercise his 
discretion in permitting or .forbidding the 
making of Avine. 
.Tune 28 Brazil revoked her decree of 
neutrality in the Avar betAveeu the En¬ 
tente Allies and Germany. 
Designation of all army regiments here¬ 
after by number and .service branch only. 
Avithout distinction bi'tAveen units of the 
regnlar.s. National Guard and national 
army, has been decided on by the War 
Department to simplify ofiicial records of 
the great Avar forces noAv being developed. 
Tbider this system the regular regiments 
Avill retain their present names from the 
“First Infantry,” “Fir.st Cavalry.” etc. 
The National Gnai’d regiments Avill bo re¬ 
named, their numbers beginning Avhere 
those of the regulars end. and the new 
units to be organized under the draft, 
will take their numbers onward from (he 
last of the guard regiments. 
Secretary Redfield i^t preparing to 
Avarn business that the Government may 
find it neces.sary to requisition shipping 
tonnage AA’ithin a brief time. Industries 
Avili be told they .should adju.st their af¬ 
fairs accordingly. President Wilson was 
authorized in an amendment to the war 
budget bill to take over private shiiiping 
for Government uses and to appoint any 
agency of the Government to administer 
the act. So far he has not delegated this 
poAver but is expected to give it to the 
Shipping Board Avithin a feAV day.s. 
“I HAVE here.” said the. agent, “a 
utensil that no hou.sekeeper can afford 
to be AAdthont.” “What is it?” asked the 
Avoman at the door. “It’s a combined 
corkscre^\^ can ojiened. pocket knife, 
screw-driver tack hammer glass cutter 
and—” “Illold on a minute. I don’t 
want one of those things.” “Why not'?” 
“By keejiing all those tools separate it 
is impossible for my hu.sband to lose more 
than one at a time.”—Woman’s Journal. 
ALFALFA 
AMERICAN NORTHERN GROWN 
For fifteen years our advice concerning the seeding 
and care of Alfalfa meadow*, and our seed for sowing 
them, have been standard—the best that was to be 
bad. The catalog tella how, and price* the seed, 
not Turkestan, “Dwarf Alfalfa,” which we refuse to 
handle, but the best of American grown seed, in¬ 
cluding usually Montana, Idaho, and the great 
‘Dakota 30,” which rivals the Grimm Itself. 
RRIMM PAI PA Hansen’s Siberian, 
Ullimni HLiHLift the greatest variety grown 
in Aaierlca. We have the genuine; also limited 
amounts of the Siberian. 
Sample and prices on request. 
Wing Seed Co., Box (323 Meohanicsburq, o. 
Th* House of Quality and Moderate Prices. 
Millions of Fruit Trees 
Everyone genuine Harrison-grown, 
robust, healthy, true-to-name and 
budded from, bearing orchards. 
Backed by more than, 
26 years' frult-firrowlngr and 
_ —-- --- Write to- 
aayior 1917 Fruit Guide—•/rcc. **Larfrest 
rrawers of fruit trccaio the world.’* 
Harri*oB«' Narseries, Box 14 Berlin, MJ. 
VEGETABLE PLANTS 
BY THE MILLION—ALL LEADING VARIETIES 
$1.25 per 1000, liy Express 35c per 100 Postpaid 
fuiress 35c per 100 Postpaid 
I’*'' low, ly Express 45c per 100 Postpaid 
CELERY 1.50 per 1000, by Express 4(k per 100 Postpaid 
Our planU are srrown from selected seed and drilled, this, so as 
to make (food stalky an<l well-rooted plants. They are carefully 
parked in damp moHs bo they will reacn you in Rood arrowinR con- 
dition. Send for Catalogue that will jfivo you full description 
and price of other plant.M, also flat rates on orders sent by Parcel 
rosi prepaid, and special price on larire orders. 
C. E. F I E T. I), fl E AV E 1. L, K E AV JERSEY 
I-TOMATO PLANTS^ 
All Leading Varletle*. Price, Sl.KO per 1000 
CABBAGE PLANTS 
AH Leading Varieties. Price, ^1.00 per 1000 
Celery Plants, Green varieties, $2.00per 1000. Golden 
Self-BlanchinK and Easy Blanching, $3.00 per 1000. 
Plants are carefully packed in moss and expressed 
OROL LEDDEN. SEWELL. N. J. 
Grower of Vegetahte Plants in New Jersey 
VEGETABLE PLANTS 
BY MAIL OR EXPRESS PREPAID 
Cabbage,Caulillowor,Tomalo, Bool, Celery, Pepper, 
Epg, P.r.l.y, A.paragu. plants. Large or Biiiall lots, 
h ir.st-class idtints and sale delivery guaranteed. Also 
Strawberry Plants 
Pot-grown and runner, for sttminer and fall planting 
—will hear fruit next summer. Catalog free. 
HARRY L. SQUIRES . GOOD GROUND, N. Y, 
OABBAGE r^LANTS 
SUREHEAO, FLAT DUTCH, DANISH BALL AND CDPENHAGEN 
MARKET. @ S1.60 per 1,000. Have an oxtr." fine 
lot of nice, stocky plants, Komance Seed and 
Plant Farinw, Caleb Bonus & Son. Cheswold, Del. 
Cabbage and Celery Planls7,“„‘"S 
Pi'Uits in large quantities at»l per 1,000; 
SS.aO for 10,000. J. c. Schmidt, LJkistol, Pa. 
CsbhsgRPlsnlq Ready forInnnedlate Shipment. 30() 
UdUUdgtSridnia for »1 Postpaid, or » 1.20 per 1,000 not 
Paid. ;■» 1>AVI1> HoDaVaY. Hartl y, llelnwaro 
Cabbage PlantsiLT„TEAi>PAvim 
500,000 Cabbage Plantei.!^ 
sALE-Cow Peas-Soy Beans-Scarlet Clover Seed 
1l* Ht^LLiA aO, ]\Illfor<l, Oelatvaro 
GRIMM ALFALFA 
Free From Weeds 
0. M. SCOTT & SONS CO., 630 Main St., Marysville, Ohio 
KOIJI. GILLILb . Medina, New York 
Rye and Vetch Seed 
mixed in the riglit proportion for planting. 
vetch rye. *4 per bnaliei, «0 lbs. 
J he vetch alone would cost as much. 
Herbert C. Miller . Kearneysville, W. Va. 
g'".........umninmiim.iraimniiiiii.iiniiiiy 
I f Dk 2 yearly subscriptions I 
iJ to RURAL NEW-YORKER | 
I 
New or renewal—One of the two may | 
be a renewal of your own subscription | 
ThisTransparent | 
Handle Name I 
Knife 
Your name and address will be I 
printed and shown as sample I 
I T Is not alone a novelty, I 
but it is a good Pocket I 
Knife. The knife has two s 
[ blades. One large spear I 
point and one pen. Half pol- I 
ish Gorman Silver bolster, h 
brass lining, 3%-Inch Cellu- f 
lold handle. The material Is I 
of the very best quality, the | 
blades being made of highest i 
[ grade English Crucible Steel. I 
Each blade bears the trade | 
iiiark “Keen Kutter,” which | 
in Itself is sufflclent guaran- = 
tee that It contains nothing 
but the very highest grade of 
material, and is of the best 
workmaushli}. 
THIS knife will not be given with subscrip- 
* lions—Ibey are sent as rewards only (in 3 
place of cash) lo our subscribers and frienils | 
who, acting as agenis, send us subscriptious \ 
as indkaled. 
1 THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
s .aj 
^ § 
t/3 
S 
