RURAL NEW-YORKER 
875 
Farm Mechanics 
Deep Well Pumping 
We have a fine water well on our farm 
—drilled by a gas company. It produces 
gas as well as water. Would a wind¬ 
mill pump force the water to a height of 
1,000 feet, or what would you advise to 
force the water to a reservoir say 2,000 
feet from the well, up hill in a north¬ 
westerly direction, say a 15 degrees line? 
Our reservoir gives out during Summer 
with two families using from it. What 
Avould be the cost of the wind pump, or 
the other form? J- B. F. 
Pine Bank, Pa. 
When the height to which \vater is to 
be pumped and the quantity wanted per 
minute is known it is a very simple mat¬ 
ter to obtain the horse power required 
for pumping it. A cubic foot of water 
weighs roughly 62.5 pounds and contains 
1,728 cubic inches. A gallon contains 
231 cubic inches, consequently there are 
about 7^ gallons in each cubic foot. As 
the 7% gallons weighs 62.5 pounds it 
follows that each gallon weighs roughly 
81-3 pounds. Going at the other side 
of the problem, a horse power is force ap¬ 
plied at a rate sufficient to raise 33,000 
pounds one foot high in one minute, one 
2 . Jly experience has been that on 
den.se dry subsoil 21 inches is plenty deep 
for the drain, measuring from the surface 
to top of tile after it is laid. Placing the 
drains from .30 to 40 feet apart accord¬ 
ing to character of the clay will provide 
proper drainage. I believe this to be 
more practical all around than placing 
the drains deeper and farther apart. 
This is for clay. 
.3. The size of tile used depends en¬ 
tirely on the quantity of water to provide 
for. On one of my drainage jobs an open 
ditch about five feet wide at the flaring 
top, two feet wide at the bottom, and two 
feet deep, cut across a corner of a field. 
In the Spring and during long heavy 
rains, this ditch ran full banks, and often 
overflowed. We installed a line of 10- 
inch tile and leveled the surface as much 
as possible. This tile takes care of all 
the water, excepting in case of unusual 
run-off caused by heavy rains and sudden 
thaws in Spring; then the excess water 
flows over the surface for a short time, 
with no damage to crop. One can get at 
Surface of Gi'ouTtd 
Plan for Improving a Spring. Fig. 361 
At Last! 
AT LAST— a tractor that will work, in 
every part of the country—on farm and 
in factory alike. 
That Tractor is the Cleveland. It will 
speed up farm production. It will lower the 
cost*of farm operation. And both the farmer 
and the country will benefit accordingly. 
The Cleveland is the one tractor that almost 
every farmer in the land can operate at a profit. 
12 H. P. for pulling 
the binder 
It is the invention of Rollin H. White, one 
of the country’s foremost motor-truck engineers. 
pound 33,000 feet in one minute, or any 
combination of weight and distance that 
when multiplied together will give a re¬ 
sult of 33,000 foot pounds done in one 
minute, a foot pound being the unit from 
which horse power is computed. It is 
equal to the force required to raise one 
bound one foot high. 
If the lift is actually 1,000 feet, an 
almost unheard-of condition in farm prac¬ 
tice—it would require, theoretically, ap¬ 
proximately IV 2 horse power to elevate 
6 % gallons per minute to this height. 
In practice this force would need to be 
greatly increased to overcome the fric¬ 
tion in the pump and the friction of the 
water against the sides of the pipe. 
Then, too, there would be the friction of 
the water in the 2 , 000 -foot length of pipe 
spoken of to overcome plus the weight 
of the water due to the rise in this pipe, 
for it is stated that it runs up hill, al¬ 
though the actual lift is not given. Tak¬ 
ing this altogether it would require sev¬ 
eral horsepower to operate the pump sat¬ 
isfactorily. This would show a wind¬ 
mill to be unsatisfactory, the ordinary 
mndmill developing only a fraction of a 
horsepower in the average wind. 
It is impossible to give a definite an¬ 
swer to this question from the data fur¬ 
nished. The height to which it is stated 
that the water is to be forced to the i-eser- 
voir is almost inconceivable for farm use, 
as it will give a pressure at the lancets 
of 4.34 pounds to the square inch if the 
house is located at the bottom of the 
line. It is possible that natural gas ob¬ 
tained from the well could be used as fuel 
to drive the pumping plant. B. 11 . s. 
Underdraining Clay Land 
1. In laying underdrains in clay soil is 
it necessary to cover the joints of tile 
carefully when the top soil is put next to 
tile? 2. Is 214 feet deep enough for tile 
in clay, where the fall is good, and how 
far will the tile drain on each side in a 
clay soil? 3. Is three-inch tile large 
enough where the water runs in large 
quantities? E. I. L. 
Nova Scotia. 
1. Never place clay over the joints of 
drain tile. This is where the water 
eutei-s the drain, and the clay will jirac- 
tically seal the joints. Cover the line of 
tile to the depth of six inches with sur¬ 
face .soil. Before final back-filling, in 
loose sand, place a narrow strip of heavy 
tar paper over the joint, letting it ex¬ 
tend down on each side about half way. 
the proper size of tile to use in this case 
pretty accurately by placing a number of 
lengths of tile of the size thought to be 
proper, covering them with earth even 
with the surface of the ground, being 
careful to pack the earth around the 
tiles so that the water cannot seep 
through under and around them, and 
watch results under different run-off 
quantities of water. Underdrained land 
produces the.heaviest crops at the least 
expense. The man who underdrains his 
land i.s practicing preparedness along the 
line of the world’s greatest needs, and 
is a regular in his country’s defence. 
IIENBY E. cox. 
Improving a Spring 
Referring to the inquiry on page 810 
about improving a spring I would sug¬ 
gest that a li/ 4 -iuch iron pipe be driven 
down at the spring. Let this pipe be 4 
or 6 feet long with a sieve drive well 
point. This pipe will go through clay 
and hardpan to the water-iiearing gravel. 
Let this pipe be pumped out clean- and to 
the tee, at the top, attach the one-half 
inch supply pipe lainning to the barn or 
reservoir. I have tried this method on 
three springs with the most satisfactory 
results. 
On the sketch the general plan is indi¬ 
cated. If the pipe “A” should fill up, it 
can be cleaned out with a pump attached 
to the opening “C,” but in a spring where 
I have had an attachment of this kind in 
operation for over eight years, the pipe 
has never filled up or given me the least 
bit of trouble. 
I'he advantages of this system are that 
the clay and hardpan furnish a filter 
against surface water, and if the outlet 
at the barn is lower than the bottom of 
the pipe “A” a siphon will be formed 
which draws the water from as great a 
depth as the pipe “A” is driven. A valve 
should be put on at the barn to prevent 
the unnecessary waste of water, c. i,. K. 
The Modern Gas Tractor, by Victor 
W. Page, M. S. A. E. A second edition 
of this u.seful book, revised and enlarged, 
has just been issued. It covers the con¬ 
struction, operation and maintenance of 
all types of tractors, and has over 225 il¬ 
lustrations and folding plates. It is clear 
and explicit, non-tecbnical .and conveys 
reliable information that is especialy 
needed by farmers and others who are 
studying gas tractors of all classes. Pub¬ 
lished by the Norman W. Henley Pub¬ 
lishing Co., New Yoik:504 pages, includ¬ 
ing a copious index; price .$ 2 . 
20 H. P. at the belt, for 
stationary work 
Plows 8 to 10 acres 
a day 
Hauls logs, manure spreaders, 
seeders, wagons, mowers, etc. 
Goes over worst roads. 
Doesn’t injure good ones 
Being a practical farmer as well, he saw the need 
for a tractor that would not be loo big, heavy and 
costly, nor loo small and low-powered to meet the 
exacting requirements of farm work. 
The Cleveland is small and light. Yet because it 
has no wheels, hut crawls on its own tracks, the 
Cleveland will go anywhere—over ditches and gullies, 
wet land and sand—over level and hill alike. 
It is the one tractor available for use in orchards. 
Only 52 inches high and 50 inches wide, it can easily 
go down the narrow aisle between the trees or under 
the low-hanging branches without touching a leaf. 
It is powerful—powerful enough to draw two 1 4” 
plows easily and with them plow 8 to 10 acres a day 
every day—the work of more than three three-horse 
teams and three men. And at a fraction of their cost 
—both as to original investment and upkeep. 
The Cleveland develops 20 h.p. at its pulley and 
12 at its drawbar—ample for every requirement of 
the farm—for hauling logs, wagons, manure spreaders, 
seeders, drills, binders, mowers and hay loaders; for 
stationary work, such as shelling corn, cutting ensilage, 
filling silos, pumping, etc. 
And the Cleveland is sturdy and long-lived. A 
child can operate it. For it steers by the power of 
its engine. All gears (and they are identical with 
those used on highest price motor trucks) are enclosed 
in dirtproof, dustproof cases. 
Its cost of upkeep is low—amazingly low. While 
its price is but $985 f. o. b. factory. 
Write for full information. But you must act imme¬ 
diately to avoid delayed delivery. Address Dept. 
To dealers: The Cleveland presents greater money¬ 
making possibilities than any tractor ever put before 
the public. Its field is enormous—the demand for it 
widespread. 
Automobile and implement dealers, anyone who 
can sell, can sell the Cleveland—make money quickly. 
Territories are being rapidly allotted. Write or, 
better still, wire Dept. L, for dealers’ proposition. 
The Cleveland Tractor Co. 
Cleveland, Ohio 
The Cleveland 
Tractor Co. 
Cleveland, Ohio 
Please send me full 
particulars regarding 
the Cleveland Tractor. 
Name. 
Gtato whether farmer cr dealer 
City. 
State. 
